ArticleFrontiers in plant science2016
Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides Act As Galactose Stores in Seeds and Are Required for Rapid Germination of Arabidopsis in the Dark.
Article in Frontiers in plant science, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
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36 citing papers in PubMed, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- ZmAGA1 enhances seed germination through raffinose hydrolysis and ZmSnRK1α-mediated starch mobilization in maize.Genome biology · 2026Article
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- Characterization of Genetic Diversity and Genomic Prediction of Secondary Metabolites in Pea Genetic Resources.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Genome-wide identification of raffinose synthase gene family in barley (Frontiers in plant science · 2026Article
- Characterization of a wheat mutant line 1813WH presenting increased seed dormancy and longevity, and reduced pre-harvest sprouting.BMC plant biology · 2025Article
- Distinct Molecular Biomechanical Mechanisms Inhibit Endosperm Cell-Wall Weakening and Seed Germination at Cold and Warm Nonoptimal Temperatures.Plant, cell & environment · 2025Article
- Genome-Wide Identification of theGenes · 2025Article
- Metabolomic Insights into the Allelopathic Effects ofMetabolites · 2025Article
- Virus-InducedPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Accurate Long-Read RNA Sequencing Analysis Reveals the Key Pathways and Candidate Genes under Drought Stress in the Seed Germination Stage in Faba Bean.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Comparative Phenotypic and Transcriptomic Analyses Provide Novel Insights into the Molecular Mechanism of Seed Germination in Response to Low Temperature Stress in Alfalfa.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- A new cheese population inEvolutionary applications · 2023Article
- Analysis of Raffinose Synthase Gene Family in Bread Wheat and Identification of Drought Resistance and Salt Tolerance Function ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Genome-wide characterization of DcHsp90 gene family in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) and functional analysis of DcHsp90-6 in heat tolerance.Protoplasma · 2023Article
- Optimizing raffinose family oligosaccharides content in plants: A tightrope walk.Frontiers in plant science · 2023Review
- An alternative pathway to plant cold tolerance in the absence of vacuolar invertase activity.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2023Article
- Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs): role in seed vigor and longevity.Bioscience reports · 2022Review
- Changes in the raffinose family oligosaccharides content in the lentil and common bean seeds during malting and mashing processes.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Article
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2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Raffinose synthase 5 (AtRS5, At5g40390) was characterized from Arabidopsis as a recombinant enzyme. It has a far higher affinity for the substrates galactinol and sucrose than any other raffinose synthase previously reported. In addition raffinose synthase 5 is also working as a galactosylhydrolase, degrading galactinol, and raffinose under certain conditions. Together with raffinose synthase 4, which is predominantly a stachyose synthase, both enzymes contribute to the raffinose family oligosaccharide (RFO) accumulation in seeds. A double knockout in raffinose synthase 4 and raffinose synthase 5 (ΔAtRS4,5) was generated, which is devoid of RFOs in seeds. Unstressed leaves of 4 week old ΔAtRS4,5 plants showed drastically 23.8-fold increased concentrations of galactinol. Unexpectedly, raffinose appeared again in drought stressed ΔAtRS4,5 plants, but not under other abiotic stress conditions. Drought stress leads to novel transcripts of raffinose synthase 6 suggesting that this isoform is a further stress inducible raffinose synthase in Arabidopsis. ΔAtRS4,5 seeds showed a 5 days delayed germination phenotype in darkness and an elevated expression of the transcription factor phytochrome interacting factor 1 (AtPIF1) target gene AtPIF6, being a repressor of germination. This prolonged dormancy is not seen during germination in the light. Exogenous galactose partially promotes germination of ΔAtRS4,5 seeds in the dark suggesting that RFOs act as a galactose store and repress AtPIF6 transcripts.
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