Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27507658›Full record

ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2016

Recognition and response to opioid overdose deaths-New Mexico, 2012.

Benjamin Levy, Bridget Spelke, Leonard J Paulozzi, Jeneita M Bell, Kurt B Nolte, Sarah Lathrop, David E Sugerman, Michael Landen

Open access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
3.0field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
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  4. Review
  5. An Effective Intervention: Limiting Opioid Prescribing as a Means of Reducing Opioid Analgesic Misuse, and Overdose Deaths.The Journal of law, medicine & ethics : a journal of the American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics · 2020
    Article
  6. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.

Benjamin LevyDivision of Unintentional Injury Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway MS-F62, Chamblee, GA 30341, United States. Electronic address: benalevy@hotmail.com.
Bridget SpelkeWomen and Infants' Hospital of Rhode Island, Warrren Alpert Medical School at Brown University, United States. Electronic address: mspelke@wihri.org.
Leonard J PaulozziDivision of Unintentional Injury Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 601 Sunland Park Dr. Suite 200, El Paso, TX 79912, United States. Electronic address: lbp4@cdc.gov.
Jeneita M BellDivision of Unintentional Injury Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 4770 Buford Highway MS-F62, Chamblee, GA 30341, United States. Electronic address: hqp8@cdc.gov.
Kurt B NolteThe University of New Mexico, 1101 Camino de Salud NE, Albuquerque, NM 87102, United States. Electronic address: knolte@salud.unm.edu.
Sarah LathropThe University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, United States. Electronic address: slathrop@salud.unm.edu.
David E SugermanCenter for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd., Atlanta, GA 30329-4018, United States. Electronic address: ggi4@cdc.gov.
Michael LandenNew Mexico Department of Health, 1190 S. St. Francis Drive, Santa Fe, NM 87505, United States. Electronic address: Michael.Landen@state.nm.us.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention · USUniversity of New Mexico · USBrown University · USNew Mexico Department of Health · US

Funding

Intramural CDC HHS CC999999
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeDrug overdose deaths are epidemic in the U.S. Prescription opioid pain relievers (OPR) and heroin account for the majority of drug overdoses. Preventing death after an opioid overdose by naloxone administration requires the rapid identification of the overdose by witnesses. This study used a state medical examiner database to characterize fatal overdoses, evaluate witness-reported signs of overdose, and identify opportunities for intervention.

methodsWe reviewed all unintentional drug overdose deaths that occurred in New Mexico during 2012. Data were abstracted from medical examiner records at the New Mexico Office of the Medical Investigator. We compared mutually exclusive groups of OPR and heroin-related deaths.

resultsOf the 489 overdose deaths reviewed, 49.3% involved OPR, 21.7% involved heroin, 4.7% involved a mixture of OPR and heroin, and 24.3% involved only non-opioid substances. The majority of OPR-related deaths occurred in non-Hispanic whites (57.3%), men (58.5%), persons aged 40-59 years (55.2%), and those with chronic medical conditions (89.2%). Most overdose deaths occurred in the home (68.7%) and in the presence of bystanders (67.7%). OPR and heroin deaths did not differ with respect to paramedic dispatch and CPR delivery, however, heroin overdoses received naloxone twice as often (20.8% heroin vs. 10.0% OPR; p<0.01).

conclusionOPR overdose deaths differed by age, health status, and the presence of bystanders, yet received naloxone less often when compared to heroin overdose deaths. These findings suggest that naloxone education and distribution should be targeted in future prevention efforts.

Indexed as

AdultAge FactorsAnalgesics, OpioidDrug OverdoseEmergency Medical ServicesFemaleHealth StatusHeroinHumansMaleMiddle AgedNaloxoneNarcotic AntagonistsNew MexicoAnalgesics, OpioidHeroinNaloxoneNarcotic AntagonistsDrug abuseHeroinNaloxoneOpioid pain relieversOverdose deathsRespiratory depression

Identifiers

PMID27507658
PMCPMC6018001
OpenAlexW2502641545

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.