ArticleBMC infectious diseases2016
Time to antibiotic therapy and outcome in bacterial meningitis: a Danish population-based cohort study.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03919851 (Physician Administered Antibiotics in a Prehospital Mobile Emergency Care Unit), which is not on this map. Cited by 56 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Physician Administered Antibiotics in a Prehospital Mobile Emergency Care Unit
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early vs. delayed empiric antimicrobial treatment for suspected acute meningitis - a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Global Case Fatality of Bacterial Meningitis During an 80-Year Period: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2024Pooled it
- Longer than 2 hours to antibiotics is associated with doubling of mortality in a multinational community-acquired bacterial meningitis cohort.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Association of time to antibiotics and clinical outcomes in patients with fever and neutropenia during chemotherapy for cancer: a systematic review.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Intraosseous access in neurological emergencies: a critical narrative review and research framework.Future science OA · 2026Review
- Analytical Performance and Clinical Evaluation of a Fully Automated Multiplex RT-qPCR Platform for Rapid Detection of Central Nervous System Pathogens.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Article
- Bacterial meningoencephalitis following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A case report and literature review.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2026Article
- Community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults in Denmark (2015-2023): a prospective, nationwide, population-based cohort study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- A contemporary overview of severe community-acquired bacterial infections in pediatric intensive care units.Annals of intensive care · 2026Article
- Case Report: Fulminant meningococcus-meningitis under treatment with ravulizumab despite complete vaccination-a rare but severe complication.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Molecular Diagnosis of Bacterial Meningitis in Ethiopia: A Narrative Review of Current Evidence and Implementation Gaps.The Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2026Review
- Article
- Initial management and outcome of community-acquired bacterial meningitis in two French ICUs over a period of fifteen years.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Identification of predictors for bacterial meningitis diagnosis based on transcriptomics and genetic analysis.AMB Express · 2025Article
- A multifaceted intervention to improve diagnosis and early management of hospitalised patients with suspected acute brain infections in Brazil, India, and Malawi: an international multicentre intervention study.Lancet (London, England) · 2025Observational
- The Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2024.Journal of intensive care · 2025Article
- Managing a Rare Case of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Holocord With Intravenous Antibiotics.Cureus · 2025Article
- A Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay for the Detection of Herpes Simplex Virus, Cytomegalovirus, and Varicella-Zoster Virus in Cerebrospinal Fluid.Microorganisms · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCommunity-acquired bacterial meningitis (CABM) is a life-threatening disease and timing of antibiotic therapy remains crucial. We aimed to analyse the impact of antibiotic timing on the outcome of CABM in a contemporary cohort.
methodsWe conducted a population-based cohort study based on chart reviews of all adult cases (>16 years of age) of CABM in North Denmark from 1998 to 2014 excluding patients given pre-hospital parenteral antibiotics. We used modified Poisson regression analyses to compute the adjusted risk ratio (adj. RR) with 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for in-hospital mortality and unfavourable outcome at discharge by time after arrival to hospital to adequate antibiotic therapy.
resultsWe identified 195 adults with CABM of whom 173 patients were eligible for further analyses. The median door-to-antibiotic time was 2.0 h (interquartile range (IQR) 1.0-5.5). We observed increased adjusted risk ratios for in-hospital mortality of 1.6 (95 % CI 0.8-3.2) and an unfavourable outcome at discharge of 1.5 (95 % CI 1.0-2.2, p = 0.03) when treatment delays exceeded 6 h versus treatment within 2 h of admission. These findings corresponded to adjusted risk ratios of in-hospital mortality of 1.1 per hour of delay (95 % CI 0.8-1.5) and an unfavourable outcome at discharge of 1.1 per hour of delay (95 % CI 1.0-1.3) within the first 6 h of admission. Some patients (31 %) were diagnosed after admission and had more delays in antibiotic therapy and correspondingly increased in-hospital mortality (30 vs 14 %, p = 0.01) and unfavourable outcome (62 vs 37 %, p = 0.002).
conclusionsDelay in antibiotic therapy was associated with unfavourable outcome at discharge.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.