Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27507337›Full record

ArticleMethods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)2016

Isolating and Purifying Clostridium difficile Spores.

Adrianne N Edwards, Shonna M McBride

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
65citing papers in PubMed
20.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

65 citing papers in PubMed, 83 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. A programmed reset mechanism primesScience advances · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Phylogenomic analysis of the collagen-like BclA proteins inApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Characterization of a hypersporulating strain derivativebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Efficacy of three chemical disinfectants and steam againstApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025
    Article
  14. Proline Stickland fermentation supportsApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article

5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Adrianne N EdwardsDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
Shonna M McBrideDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA. shonna.mcbride@emory.edu.
Emory University · US

Funding

Host-induced Initiation of Clostridium difficile SporulationR01AI116933 · NIAID · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI SHONNA M. MCBRIDE · 2015 to 2026
$4.8M
Molecular Mechanisms of Clostridium difficile Resistance to Innate Host DefensesK01DK087763 · NIDDK · TUFTS UNIVERSITY BOSTON · PI MCBRIDE, SHONNA M. · 2011 to 2015
$713k
Regulation of Clostridium difficile Spore FormationR56AI109526 · NIAID · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI MCBRIDE, SHONNA M. · 2014 to 2014
$383k
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI116933NIAID NIH HHS R56 AI109526NIDDK NIH HHS K01 DK087763
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The ability for the obligate anaerobe, Clostridium difficile to form a metabolically dormant spore is critical for the survival of this organism outside of the host. This spore form is resistant to a myriad of environmental stresses, including heat, desiccation, and exposure to disinfectants and antimicrobials. These intrinsic properties of spores allow C. difficile to survive long-term in an oxygenated environment, to be easily transmitted from host-to-host, and to persist within the host following antibiotic treatment. Because of the importance of the spore form to the C. difficile life cycle and treatment and prevention of C. difficile infection (CDI), the isolation and purification of spores are necessary to study the mechanisms of sporulation and germination, investigate spore properties and resistances, and for use in animal models of CDI. Here we provide basic protocols, in vitro growth conditions, and additional considerations for purifying C. difficile spores for a variety of downstream applications.

Indexed as

AnaerobiosisAnti-Bacterial AgentsBacterial LoadClostridioides difficileFructoseMicroscopy, Phase-ContrastSpores, BacterialTaurocholic AcidThiamphenicolAnti-Bacterial AgentsFructoseTaurocholic AcidThiamphenicolAnaerobeAnaerobic chamberAntibiotic-associated diarrheaClostridium difficileEndosporeSporulation

Identifiers

PMID27507337
PMCPMC5017156
OpenAlexW2510243212

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.