Trial reportOphthalmology2016
A Randomized Trial Evaluating Short-term Effectiveness of Overminus Lenses in Children 3 to 6 Years of Age with Intermittent Exotropia.
Trial report in Ophthalmology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02223650 (A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial of Overminus Spectacle Therapy for Intermittent Exotropia), which is not on this map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Pilot Randomized Clinical Trial of Overminus Spectacle Therapy for Intermittent Exotropia
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Non-surgical therapy for intermittent exotropia: a systematic review and network analysis.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Pooled it
- Virtual Reality-Based Vision Therapy for Intermittent Exotropia: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Eight-Year Outcomes of Bilateral Lateral Rectus Recessions versus Unilateral Recession-Resection in Childhood Basic-Type Intermittent Exotropia.Ophthalmology · 2024Trial
- A randomized trial evaluating efficacy of overminus lenses combined with prism in the children with intermittent exotropia.BMC ophthalmology · 2021Trial
- Review
- Binocular Vision Anomalies: An Update on Prevalence, Impact, Technological and Treatment Developments and Current Challenges.Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026Review
- Long-Term Outcomes of Intermittent Exotropia: A Real-World Longitudinal Cohort Study of 415 Patients.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Role of Overcorrecting Minus Lens Therapy in Intermittent Exotropia for Prevention of Constant Exotropia in Children Under the Age of 7 Years.International journal of preventive medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Non-surgical Management Options of Intermittent Exotropia: A Literature Review.Journal of current ophthalmologyReview
- Overminus Lens Therapy in the Management of Children with Intermittent Exotropia.Journal of current ophthalmologyArticle
- Vision therapy for intermittent exotropia: A case series.Journal of optometryArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo evaluate the short-term effectiveness of overminus spectacles in improving control of childhood intermittent exotropia (IXT).
designRandomized, clinical trial.
participantsA total of 58 children aged 3 to <7 years with IXT. Eligibility criteria included a distance control score of 2 or worse (mean of 3 measures during a single examination) on a scale of 0 (exophoria) to 5 (constant exotropia) and spherical equivalent refractive error between -6.00 diopters (D) and +1.00 D.
methodsChildren were randomly assigned to overminus spectacles (-2.50 D over cycloplegic refraction) or observation (non-overminus spectacles if needed or no spectacles) for 8 weeks.
main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was distance control score for each child (mean of 3 measures during a single examination) assessed by a masked examiner at 8 weeks. Outcome testing was conducted with children wearing their study spectacles or plano spectacles for the children in the observation group who did not need spectacles. The primary analysis compared mean 8-week distance control score between treatment groups using an analysis of covariance model that adjusted for baseline distance control, baseline near control, prestudy spectacle wear, and prior IXT treatment. Treatment side effects were evaluated using questionnaires completed by parents.
resultsAt 8 weeks, mean distance control was better in the 27 children treated with overminus spectacles than in the 31 children who were observed without treatment (2.0 vs. 2.8 points, adjusted difference = -0.75 points favoring the overminus group; 2-sided 95% confidence interval, -1.42 to -0.07 points). Side effects of headaches, eyestrain, avoidance of near activities, and blur appeared similar between treatment groups.
conclusionsIn a pilot randomized clinical trial, overminus spectacles improved distance control at 8 weeks in children aged 3 to <7 years with IXT. A larger and longer randomized trial is warranted to assess the effectiveness of overminus spectacles in treating IXT, particularly the effect on control after overminus treatment has been discontinued.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.