ArticleHealth psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association2016
Viral challenge reveals further evidence of skin-deep resilience in African Americans from disadvantaged backgrounds.
Article in Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 62 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychological Resilience, Experimentally Manipulated Social Status, and Dietary Intake among Adolescents.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- Does sex moderate health and Alzheimer's disease risk tied to early educational experiences? The reducing inequities through social and educational change follow-up in early adulthood extension study protocol.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Article
- Striving and thriving: Gender differences in the effects of climbing the socioeconomic ladder on stress and discrimination.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2026Article
- Superwoman schema and metabolic syndrome in Black adolescent girls.Journal of behavioral medicine · 2025Article
- The social context of educational effort - implications for psychological and physiological health in adolescence.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2025Article
- Changes in daily stress reactivity and changes in physical health across 18 years of adulthood.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2025Article
- Reflections on resilience.Development and psychopathology · 2024Article
- Connections between academic motivation and benefits to low-grade inflammatory regulation among the socioeconomically advantaged.Journal of adolescence · 2024Article
- Profiles of Risk, Allostatic Load, and Mental Health in Low-Income Children.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2024Article
- Family Disadvantage, Education, and Health Outcomes Among Black Youths Over a 20-Year Period.JAMA network open · 2024Article
- Skin-deep Resilience and Early Adolescence: Neighborhood Disadvantage, Executive Functioning, and Pubertal Development in Minority Youth.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2024Article
- Resilience in children with chronic illness: Tests of the shift-and-persist and skin-deep resilience theories.Development and psychopathology · 2023Article
- A scoping review of the concept of resilience among African American women.Archives of psychiatric nursing · 2023Article
- Resilience to Maltreatment in Early Adulthood Does Not Predict Low Allostatic Load at Midlife.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2023Article
- Community-based participatory research to improve alumni transition from an intensive research training program for historically underrepresented undergraduates.Journal of women and minorities in science and engineering · 2023Article
- Brain structural correlates of upward social mobility in ethnic minority individuals.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2022Article
- Effects of the Great Recession on Educational Disparities in Cardiometabolic Health.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2022Article
- Contextualizing Educational Disparities in Health: Variations by Race/Ethnicity, Nativity, and County-Level Characteristics.Demography · 2022Article
- What Are the Health Consequences of Upward Mobility?Annual review of psychology · 2022Article
- Prevalence and correlates of undiagnosed hypertension among staff of a Nigerian university community.The Pan African medical journal · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveStudies have revealed a phenomenon called skin-deep resilience, which develops in upwardly mobile African American youth. They perform well in school, maintain good mental health, and avoid legal problems. Despite outward indications of success, they also show evidence of worse health in biomarker studies. Here we extend this research, asking whether it manifests in differential susceptibility to upper respiratory infection, and if it emerges in European Americans as well.
methodsThe sample included 514 adults in good health, as judged by physician examination and laboratory testing. Participants completed questionnaires about lifecourse socioeconomic conditions, conscientiousness, psychosocial adjustment, and lifestyle factors. They were subsequently inoculated with a rhinovirus that causes upper respiratory infection, and monitored in quarantine for 5 days the development of illness.
resultsConsistent with past work, African Americans from disadvantaged backgrounds displayed indications of skin-deep resilience. To the extent these participants were high in conscientiousness, they fared better across multiple domains of psychosocial functioning, as reflected in educational attainment, symptoms of depression, and close relationship quality (p values = .01-.04). But analyses of these participants' susceptibility to infection revealed the opposite pattern; higher conscientiousness was associated with a greater likelihood of becoming ill following inoculation (p value = .03). In European Americans, there was no evidence of skin-deep resilience; conscientiousness was associated with better psychosocial outcomes, but not infection risk.
conclusionsThese observations suggest that resilience may be a double-edged sword for African Americans from disadvantaged backgrounds. The same characteristics associated with academic success and psychological adjustment forecast increased vulnerability to health problems. (PsycINFO Database Record
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