ArticleForensic science, medicine, and pathology2016
Unintentional asphyxia, SIDS, and medically explained deaths: a descriptive study of outcomes of child death review (CDR) investigations following sudden unexpected death in infancy.
Article in Forensic science, medicine, and pathology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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12 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Baby Sleep Project Protocol: a realist evaluation of an intervention to reduce preventable infant mortality.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Infant death from accidental suffocation and strangulation in bed in England and Wales: rare or unrecognised events?BMJ paediatrics open · 2024Article
- Identification of bacterial pathogens in sudden unexpected death in infancy and childhood using 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Article
- The Science (or Nonscience) of Research Into Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS).Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Trend of unintentional suffocation death for infants under 1 year of age from 2009 to 2018 in Hunan, China: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2020Article
- Healthy China 2030: how to control the rising trend of unintentional suffocation death in children under five years old.BMC pediatrics · 2020Article
- Quality of investigations into unexpected deaths of infants and young children in England after implementation of national child death review procedures in 2008: a retrospective assessment.Archives of disease in childhood · 2020Article
- Ethnic variation in unexplained deaths in infancy, including sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), England and Wales 2006-2012: national birth cohort study using routine data.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2018Article
- Causes of death and infant mortality rates among full-term births in the United States between 2010 and 2012: An observational study.PLoS medicine · 2018Observational
- Sudden Unexpected Infant Death Certification in New York City: Intra-Agency Guideline Compliance and Variables that May Influence Death Certification.Academic forensic pathology · 2017Article
- Maternal smoking and alcohol use in association with breastfeeding initiation, duration, and infant health - a scoping review.Women's health (London, England)Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundA comprehensive child death review (CDR) program was introduced in England and Wales in 2008, but as yet data have only been analyzed at a local level, limiting the learning from deaths. The aim of this study is to describe the profile of causes and risk factors for sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) as determined by the new CDR program.
methodsThis was a descriptive outcome study using data from child death overview panel Form C for SUDI cases dying during 2010-2012 in the West Midlands region of England. The main outcome measures were: cause of death, risk factors and potential preventability of death, and determination of deaths probably due to unintentional asphyxia.
resultsData were obtained for 65/70 (93 %) SUDI cases. 20/65 (31 %) deaths were initially categorized as due to medical causes; 21/65 (32 %) as SIDS; and 24/65 (37 %) as undetermined. Reanalysis suggested that 2/21 SIDS and 7/24 undetermined deaths were probably due to unintentional asphyxia, with 6 of these involving co-sleeping and excessive parental alcohol consumption. Deaths classified as "undetermined" had significantly higher total family and environmental risk factor scores (mean 2.6, 95 % CI 2.0-3.3) compared to those classified as SIDS (mean 1.6, 95 % CI 1.2-1.9), or medical causes for death (mean 1.1, 95 % CI 0.8-1.3). 9/20 (47 %) of medical deaths, 19/21 (90 %) SIDS, and 23/24 (96 %) undetermined deaths were considered to be potentially preventable. There were inadequacies in medical provision identified in 5/20 (25 %) of medically explained deaths.
conclusionsThe CDR program results in detailed information about risk factors for SUDI cases but failed to recognize deaths probably due to unintentional asphyxia. The misclassification of probable unintentional asphyxial deaths and SIDS as "undetermined deaths" is likely to limit learning from these deaths and inhibit prevention strategies. Many SUDI occurred in families with mental illness, substance misuse and chaotic lifestyles and most in unsafe sleep environments. This knowledge could be used to better target safe sleep advice for vulnerable families and prevent SUDI in the future.
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