Trial reportPsychopharmacology2016
Effects of typhoid vaccine on inflammation and sleep in healthy participants: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.
Trial report in Psychopharmacology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02628054 (Investigating the Effects of Typhoid Vaccine on Sleep in Healthy Volunteers), which is not on this map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Investigating the Effects of Typhoid Vaccine on Sleep in Healthy Volunteers
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Peripheral Inflammation and Sleep Loss Induce Coordinated Motivational Changes: An Experimental Two-Hit Stress Model.Journal of sleep research · 2026Article
- A [Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Tapeworm infection affects sleep-like behavior in three-spined sticklebacks.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Article
- Reactogenic sleepiness after COVID-19 vaccination. A hypothesis involving orexinergic system linked to inflammatory signals.Sleep medicine · 2022Review
- Potential Role of Sleep Deficiency in Inducing Immune Dysfunction.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Willingness to be vaccinated against COVID-19 is equal in individuals with affective disorders and healthy controls.Vaccine: X · 2022Article
- Role of sleep deprivation in immune-related disease risk and outcomes.Communications biology · 2021Review
- COVID-19 vaccination for people with severe mental illness: why, what, and how?The lancet. Psychiatry · 2021Review
- Are Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines Associated with Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Insomnia Comorbid with Depression? A Pilot Study.Nature and science of sleep · 2021Article
- Objective and Subjective Sleep in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Severe Seasonal Allergy: Preliminary Assessments of the Role of Sickness, Central and Peripheral Inflammation.Nature and science of sleep · 2021Article
- Very-Short-Term Sleep Deprivation Slows Early Recovery of Lymphocytes in Septic Patients.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Article
- The Sleep-Immune Crosstalk in Health and Disease.Physiological reviews · 2019Review
- Interoception and Inflammation in Psychiatric Disorders.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2018Review
- Pilot investigation into the sickness response to influenza vaccination in adults: Effect of depression and anxiety.General hospital psychiatry · 2017Article
- Noninvasive vaccination as a casus belli to redeem vaccine value in the face of anti-vaccine movements.Integrative molecular medicine · 2017Article
- Depression following ChAdOx1-S/nCoV-19 vaccine.The European journal of psychiatryArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleAn increasing body of evidence links the occurrence of sleep continuity disturbances with increased inflammation and both sleep disturbances and inflammation are associated with clinical depression. Typhoid vaccination results in a mild inflammatory response that significantly increases levels of the proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin (IL)-6.
objectivesThe present exploratory study aimed to enhance our understanding of the link between inflammation, sleep and depression by examining the effects of typhoid vaccine on the sleep polysomnogram.
methodsWe studied the effects of a single injection of typhoid polysaccharide vaccine and placebo (saline solution) on sleep in 16 healthy male and female participants aged 20-38 years, sleeping at home in a randomized, double-blind, balanced order, crossover design. Subjective measures of mood, sleep and adverse effects were elicited and plasma samples analysed for IL-6 levels.
resultsIL-6 levels (in picogramme per millilitre) significantly increased 2 h post vaccine compared to placebo (0.90 vs 0.53, p = 0.026, r = 0.55). Relative to placebo, typhoid vaccination produced significant impairment in several measures of sleep continuity. Total sleep time (in minute) (426.1 vs 410.7, p = 0.005, r = 0.62) and sleep efficiency percent (94.3 vs 91.5, p = 0.007, r = 0.65) were decreased; with increases in wake after sleep onset (in minute) (25.5 vs 38.8, p = 0.007,r = 0.65), total wake (in minute) (34.9 vs 50.3, p = 0.005,r = 0.67), sleep stage transitions (155.9 vs 173.1, p = 0.026, r = 0.56), number of awakenings (27.2 vs 36.1, p = 0.007, r = 0.64) and awakening index (3.8 vs 5.3, p = 0.005, r = 0.67) (means, significance level and effect size).
conclusionsInflammatory mechanisms may underlie the impairment in sleep efficiency which is a hallmark of major depression. Because impaired sleep is also a predictor of major depression, there may be a role for suitable anti-inflammatory approaches in strategies designed to prevent the onset of depression. ClinicalTrials.gov ( http://www.clinicaltrials.gov ): NCT02628054.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.