Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27503295›Full record

ArticleGenome biology and evolution2016

The Role of Retrotransposons in Gene Family Expansions in the Human and Mouse Genomes.

Václav Janoušek, Christina M Laukaitis, Alexey Yanchukov, Robert C Karn

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Genome biology and evolution, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
6.9field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.

Václav JanoušekDepartment of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic Institute of Vertebrate Biology, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic.
Christina M LaukaitisDepartment of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona.
Alexey YanchukovInstitute of Vertebrate Biology, ASCR, Brno, Czech Republic Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey.
Robert C KarnDepartment of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Arizona rkarn@butler.edu.
Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Biology · CZUniversity of Arizona · US

Funding

VITAMIN AP30CA023074 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA · PI Dan Theodorescu · 1985 to 2026
$110.2M
Uranium as an Environmental Risk Factor for Cancer Among the NavajoU54CA143924 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA · PI Jennifer Wright Bea · 2009 to 2026
$26.7M
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA023074NCI NIH HHS U54 CA143924
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Retrotransposons comprise a large portion of mammalian genomes. They contribute to structural changes and more importantly to gene regulation. The expansion and diversification of gene families have been implicated as sources of evolutionary novelties. Given the roles retrotransposons play in genomes, their contribution to the evolution of gene families warrants further exploration. In this study, we found a significant association between two major retrotransposon classes, LINEs and LTRs, and lineage-specific gene family expansions in both the human and mouse genomes. The distribution and diversity differ between LINEs and LTRs, suggesting that each has a distinct involvement in gene family expansion. LTRs are associated with open chromatin sites surrounding the gene families, supporting their involvement in gene regulation, whereas LINEs may play a structural role promoting gene duplication. Our findings also suggest that gene family expansions, especially in the mouse genome, undergo two phases. The first phase is characterized by elevated deposition of LTRs and their utilization in reshaping gene regulatory networks. The second phase is characterized by rapid gene family expansion due to continuous accumulation of LINEs and it appears that, in some instances at least, this could become a runaway process. We provide an example in which this has happened and we present a simulation supporting the possibility of the runaway process. Altogether we provide evidence of the contribution of retrotransposons to the expansion and evolution of gene families. Our findings emphasize the putative importance of these elements in diversification and adaptation in the human and mouse lineages.

Indexed as

Evolution, MolecularGenome, HumanMultigene FamilyRetroelementsAnimalsDNA Repeat ExpansionHumansMicePolymorphism, GeneticRetroelementsgene familiesLINELTRretrotransposonsSINEtransposable elements

Identifiers

PMID27503295
PMCPMC5631067
OpenAlexW2506612908

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.