ArticleParasites & vectors2016
Role of different Culicoides vectors (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in bluetongue virus transmission and overwintering in Sardinia (Italy).
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers.
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37 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bluetongue virus in Middle Eastern ruminants: vector evidence, surveillance gaps, and research priorities.Tropical animal health and production · 2026Review
- Culicoides species involved in the BTV-3 epidemic, the Netherlands, 2023-2024.Medical and veterinary entomology · 2026Article
- Diversity and abundance of Culicoides on goat and cattle farms in the southern part of the Republic of Korea.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2026Article
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- First Detection of Bluetongue Virus Type 3 in Poland in 2024-A Case Study in European Bison (Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Assessing Schmallenberg Virus Disease in Sardinia (Italy) After the First Epidemic Episode in 2012.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
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- Quantitative risk assessment for the introduction of bluetongue virus into mainland Europe by long-distance wind dispersal of Culicoides spp.: A case study from Sardinia.Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis · 2025Article
- Updated checklist of the Culicoides Latreille biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) of Galicia (NW Spain): Diversity, distribution and medical-veterinary relevance.Veterinary medicine and science · 2024Article
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- First molecular evidence of potential Culicoides vectors implicated in bluetongue virus transmission in Morocco.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
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- Culicoides and midge-associated arboviruses on cattle farms in Yunnan Province, China.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2024Article
- Diversity of biting midges, mosquitoes and sand flies at four dog shelters in rural and peri-urban areas of Central Morocco.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2024Article
- Article
- Serological and molecular prevalence study of bluetongue virus in small domestic ruminants in Morocco.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Modeling the spatial distribution of Culicoides species (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) as vectors of animal diseases in Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Dissecting the Species-Specific Virome inFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- The Absence of Abdominal Pigmentation in Livestock AssociatedPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBluetongue (BT) epidemics have affected the Mediterranean island of Sardinia since 2000. While Culicoides imicola represents the main bluetongue virus (BTV) vector, other European Culicoides biting midges, possibly implicated in virus transmission, have been detected here. Understanding their distribution, seasonal abundance, and infection rates is necessary to predict disease incidence and spread across coastal and inland areas, and to define their role in virus overwintering.
methodsBiting midge abundance was determined by light traps on selected farms representing diverse climatic conditions of Sardinia. Livestock-associated Culicoides species were morphologically and molecularly identified. Infection rates in prevailing midge species captured in 2013 during a BTV-1 outbreak were determined using RT-qPCR based virus detection in insect body pools, supplemented by specific body region analyses. The seasonal infection prevalence in Culicoides samples collected in 2001 in a BTV-2 affected farm was also determined.
resultsThe Newsteadi complex (C. newsteadi species A and species B) prevailed among all biting midge species (47.7 %), followed by C. imicola (27.8 %) and the Obsoletus complex (C. obsoletus and C. scoticus) (17.6 %). Whilst Culicoides imicola was more abundant along the coast, the Newsteadi complex was frequently collected at higher altitude and the Obsoletus complex was notably associated to cattle farms. Culicoides pulicaris and C. punctatus abundance was found to be marginal in all farms. BTV was detected in parous female samples of all these species, and the full dissemination of the virus within the body of C. imicola, C. obsoletus, C. scoticus, and Newsteadi complex species was confirmed by analyses of thorax and head, containing salivary glands. Higher infection rates were associated with C. scoticus, C. newsteadi species A and species B, compared to C. imicola. The virus was detected in C. newsteadi species A and C. obsoletus in winter and spring, whereas it was mainly found in summer and autumn in C. imicola.
conclusionsIn Sardinia, bluetongue virus is transmitted by multiple Culicoides vectors, including C. imicola and the Newsteadi complex being the most important. The Newsteadi complex and other midge species can play an important role in internal areas and are likely to be directly involved in virus overwintering.
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