Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27502908›Full record

ArticleCirculation2016

Global Disparities of Hypertension Prevalence and Control: A Systematic Analysis of Population-Based Studies From 90 Countries.

Katherine T Mills, Joshua D Bundy, Tanika N Kelly, Jennifer E Reed, Patricia M Kearney, Kristi Reynolds, Jing Chen, Jiang He

7 registry-linked trialsAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Circulation, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 7 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 1,909 papers, 19 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1,909citing papers in PubMed, 19 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT01834131 nacompletednot on this map

Comprehensive Approach for Hypertension Prevention and Control in Argentina

TypeinterventionalSponsorTulane UniversityRan2013 to 2016Enrolled1,954ConditionsHypertensionArmsComprehensive Intervention
NCT03209141 completednot on this map

Impedance Cardiography in the Evaluation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction in Patients With Arterial Hypertension Study (IMPEDDANS)

TypeobservationalSponsorCentro Hospitalar de Lisboa CentralRan2015 to 2018Enrolled154ConditionsHypertension, Diastolic DysfunctionArmsDiastolic function evaluation
NCT04505150 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

Lowering Blood Pressure by Changing Lifestyle Through a Motivational Education Program: a Cluster RCT Study Protocol

TypeinterventionalSponsorOrganisation for Rural Community Development, BangladeshRan2020 to 2022Enrolled300ConditionsHigh Blood PressureArmsLifestyle changes, e.g., take part in regular exercise, quitting smoking, and reduce salt consumption
NCT04841902 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Effects of Life Style Intervention Manual on Metabolic, Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Physical Parameters in Pre Hypertensive Sedentary Population

TypeinterventionalSponsorRiphah International UniversityRan2021 to 2023Enrolled240ConditionsPre HypertensionArmsLife Style Intervention Manual (With Exercise Under Supervision), General Advice, Life Style Intervention Manual (Home Based)
NCT04992039 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Evaluation of the WHO HEARTS Hypertension Control Package in the Primary Care Clinics of Bangladesh: A Quasi-experimental Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorNational Heart Foundation of BangladeshRan2021 to 2022Enrolled3,935ConditionsHypertensionArmsWHO HEARTS technical package
NCT05155436 phase4completednot on this mapstarted 2022, after this paper: background citation

Prevalence and Incidence of Dyskalemia in Hypertensive Patients Initiating a Fixed Dose Combination Pill of Telmisartan and Amlodipine

TypeinterventionalSponsorNational Heart Foundation of BangladeshRan2022 to 2023Enrolled1,090ConditionsHypertension, Potassium ImbalanceArmsFixed Dose Combination pill of Telmisartan 40mg and Amlodipine 5 mg
NCT05479097 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

A Feasibility Study of a Novel mHealth Clinical Decision Support Application to Enable Community Health Workers to Manage Hypertension With Remote Physician Supervision

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of Wisconsin, MadisonRan2023 to 2023Enrolled32ConditionsHypertensionArmsAnti-Hypertensive
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1,909 citing papers in PubMed, 19 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  5. Accelerated epigenetic age in hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2026
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  11. Low-Dose Triple-Pill of Telmisartan, Amlodipine, and Indapamide for Initial Hypertension Treatment: A GRADE-Assessed Meta-analysis of Randomized Trials.High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension · 2026
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1,849 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Katherine T MillsFrom Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (K.T.M., J.D.B., T.N.K., J.E.R., J.C., J.H.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland (P.M.K.); Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA (K.R.); and Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.C., J.H.).
Joshua D BundyFrom Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (K.T.M., J.D.B., T.N.K., J.E.R., J.C., J.H.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland (P.M.K.); Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA (K.R.); and Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.C., J.H.).
Tanika N KellyFrom Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (K.T.M., J.D.B., T.N.K., J.E.R., J.C., J.H.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland (P.M.K.); Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA (K.R.); and Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.C., J.H.).
Jennifer E ReedFrom Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (K.T.M., J.D.B., T.N.K., J.E.R., J.C., J.H.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland (P.M.K.); Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA (K.R.); and Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.C., J.H.).
Patricia M KearneyFrom Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (K.T.M., J.D.B., T.N.K., J.E.R., J.C., J.H.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland (P.M.K.); Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA (K.R.); and Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.C., J.H.).
Kristi ReynoldsFrom Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (K.T.M., J.D.B., T.N.K., J.E.R., J.C., J.H.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland (P.M.K.); Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA (K.R.); and Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.C., J.H.).
Jing ChenFrom Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (K.T.M., J.D.B., T.N.K., J.E.R., J.C., J.H.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland (P.M.K.); Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA (K.R.); and Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.C., J.H.).
Jiang HeFrom Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA (K.T.M., J.D.B., T.N.K., J.E.R., J.C., J.H.); Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland (P.M.K.); Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA (K.R.); and Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA (J.C., J.H.). jhe@tulane.edu.

Funding

Tulane COBRE in Cardiometabolic Diseases Clinical Research CoreP20GM109036 · NIGMS · TULANE UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA · PI Tony Y. Hu · 2016 to 2026
$25.3M
CARDIOVASCULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY INSTITUTIONAL TRAININGT32HL007024 · NHLBI · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Elizabeth Selvin · 1985 to 2026
$17.5M
Comprehensive Approach for Hypertension Prevention and Control in ArgentinaU01HL114197 · NHLBI · TULANE UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA · PI HE, JIANG · 2012 to 2016
$2.0M
Research Training in Gene-Environment Interaction in ChinaD43TW009107 · FIC · TULANE UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA · PI GU, DONGFENG, HE, JIANG · 2012 to 2016
$1.1M
FIC NIH HHS D43 TW009107NHLBI NIH HHS T32 HL007024NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL114197NIGMS NIH HHS P20 GM109036
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHypertension is the leading preventable cause of premature death worldwide. We examined global disparities of hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control in 2010 and compared secular changes from 2000 to 2010.

methodsWe searched MEDLINE from 1995 through 2014 and supplemented with manual searches of retrieved article references. We included 135 population-based studies of 968 419 adults from 90 countries. Sex- and age-specific hypertension prevalences from each country were applied to population data to calculate regional and global numbers of hypertensive adults. Proportions of awareness, treatment, and control from each country were applied to hypertensive populations to obtain regional and global estimates.

resultsIn 2010, 31.1% (95% confidence interval, 30.0%-32.2%) of the world's adults had hypertension; 28.5% (27.3%-29.7%) in high-income countries and 31.5% (30.2%-32.9%) in low- and middle-income countries. An estimated 1.39 (1.34-1.44) billion people had hypertension in 2010: 349 (337-361) million in high-income countries and 1.04 (0.99-1.09) billion in low- and middle-income countries. From 2000 to 2010, the age-standardized prevalence of hypertension decreased by 2.6% in high-income countries, but increased by 7.7% in low- and middle-income countries. During the same period, the proportions of awareness (58.2% versus 67.0%), treatment (44.5% versus 55.6%), and control (17.9% versus 28.4%) increased substantially in high-income countries, whereas awareness (32.3% versus 37.9%) and treatment (24.9% versus 29.0%) increased less, and control (8.4% versus 7.7%) even slightly decreased in low- and middle-income countries.

conclusionsGlobal hypertension disparities are large and increasing. Collaborative efforts are urgently needed to combat the emerging hypertension burden in low- and middle-income countries.

Indexed as

Population SurveillanceCross-Sectional StudiesDeveloped CountriesDeveloping CountriesGlobal HealthHealthcare DisparitiesHumansHypertensionPrevalenceepidemiologyglobal healthhypertensionprevention & control

Identifiers

PMID27502908
PMCPMC4979614

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.