ArticleMolecular psychiatry2017
All naturally occurring autoantibodies against the NMDA receptor subunit NR1 have pathogenic potential irrespective of epitope and immunoglobulin class.
Article in Molecular psychiatry, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06321588 (Autoimmune Dementia), which is not on this map. Cited by 77 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Autoimmune Dementia: Predictors of Neuronal Synaptic Antibodies in Patients With New-ONset Cognitive Impairment and Their Relevance in Non-encephalitic formS: The ADONIS Study
Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 145 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antibodies against neuronal surface antigens in acute stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Neuronal surface autoantibodies in dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of neurology · 2021Pooled it
- Patient characteristics and outcome associations in AMPA receptor encephalitis.Journal of neurology · 2019Pooled it
- Natural anti-NMDAR1 autoantibodies are associated with lower risk for depression and PTSD symptoms after traumatic brain injury.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- The anti-NMDAR1 antibodies and IL-17 signaling pathway shape NMDAR encephalitis.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Pro-Cognitive Effects of IgM Isotype Anti-NMDAR1 Autoantibodies in Mice.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Natural Anti-NMDAR1 autoantibodies associate with slowed decline of cognitive functions in Alzheimer's diseases.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Cryo-EM of autoantibody-bound NMDA receptors reveals antigenic hotspots in an active immunization model of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.Science advances · 2026Article
- Peripheral nervous system involvement accompanies central nervous system involvement in anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Elevated Release of Presynaptic Glutamate: The Potential Pathogenesis of Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis-Associated Seizures.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
- Serum anti-NMDA receptor antibodies are linked to memory impairment 12 months after stroke.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Article
- Progress in the preparation of an active immunization model of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis in animals.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- Peptide-Purified Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate Receptor (NMDAR) Autoantibodies Have Inhibitory Effect on Long-Term Synaptic Plasticity.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Structural basis for antibody-mediated NMDA receptor clustering and endocytosis in autoimmune encephalitis.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2024Article
- Article
- The three pillars in treating antibody-mediated encephalitis.Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2024Review
- Autoimmune receptor encephalitis in ApoEMolecular medicine reports · 2023Article
- NMDA-receptor-Fc-fusion constructs neutralize anti-NMDA receptor antibodies.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2023Article
- Neural Surface Antibodies and Neurodegeneration: Clinical Commonalities and Pathophysiological Relationships.Biomedicines · 2023Review
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Autoantibodies of the IgG class against N-methyl-d-aspartate-receptor subunit NR1 (NMDAR1) were first described in anti-NMDAR encephalitis and seen as disease indicators. Recent work on together over 5000 individuals challenged this exclusive view by showing age-dependently up to >20% NMDAR1-autoantibody seroprevalence with comparable immunoglobulin class and titer distribution across health and disease. The key question therefore is to understand the properties of these autoantibodies, also in healthy carriers, in order to assess secondary complications and possible contributions to neuropsychiatric disease. Here, we believe we provide for human NMDAR1-autoantibodies the first comprehensive analysis of their target epitopes and functionality. We selected sera of representative carriers, healthy or diagnosed with very diverse conditions, that is, schizophrenia, age-related disorders like hypertension and diabetes, or anti-NMDAR encephalitis. We show that all positive sera investigated, regardless of source (ill or healthy donor) and immunoglobulin class, provoked NMDAR1 internalization in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons and reduction of glutamate-evoked currents in NR1-1b/NR2A-expressing Xenopus oocytes. They displayed frequently polyclonal/polyspecific epitope recognition in the extracellular or intracellular NMDAR1 domains and some additionally in NR2A. We conclude that all circulating NMDAR1-autoantibodies have pathogenic potential regarding the whole spectrum of neuronal NMDAR-mediated effects upon access to the brain in situations of increased blood-brain-barrier permeability.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.