Trial reportBMC public health2016
Result of randomized control trial to increase breast health awareness among young females in Malaysia.
Trial report in BMC public health, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health belief model-based educational interventions for knowledge, beliefs, and intentions on mammography: a systematic review.BMC women's health · 2025Pooled it
- The Effectiveness of Educational Interventions on Breast Cancer Screening Uptake, Knowledge, and Beliefs among Women: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Interventions Addressing Barriers to Delayed Cancer Diagnosis in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review.The oncologist · 2020Pooled it
- Effects of Model-Based Interventions on Breast Cancer Screening Behavior of Women: a Systematic ReviewAsian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2018Pooled it
- Trial
- The effect of counseling based on health promotion awareness on self-care needs and reproductive and sexual health literacy of newly married women: a randomized controlled clinical trial study.BMC women's health · 2024Trial
- The effect of a smartphone application on women's performance and health beliefs about breast self-examination: a quasi-experimental study.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2021Trial
- The Effect of Counseling on Breast Cancer Awareness in Rural Iranian Women: a Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education · 2019Trial
- Impact of a Breast Cancer Educational Program on Female University Students' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices.Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education · 2019Trial
- Comparative analysis of knowledge, attitudes, and breast cancer screening practices among women in South Africa and the United States: a multinational study.Research square · 2026Article
- Timely Matters: Predictors of Delay in Oral Cavity Cancer Patients Across the Care Continuum.Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology · 2026Article
- The relationship between factors affecting breast cancer knowledge, awareness and prevention behaviors in women aged 20-49 years: the case of Bartın Province.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- The impact of educational interventions on breast self-examination practice, knowledge, and beliefs among women: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of public health research · 2026Review
- Breast Cancer Awareness Related to Screening in a General Population of Turkish Women.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Article
- Evaluation of breast cancer knowledge, beliefs, and self-examination practices among female college teachers in Pakistan.Journal of education and health promotion · 2025Article
- Knowledge and beliefs on breast cancer screening and uptake among Yemeni female school teachers in Malaysia.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Development and evaluation of 3D-printed tumor palpation models for surgical training and patient education.3D printing in medicine · 2024Article
- The Impact of a Randomized Community-Based Intervention on the Awareness of Women Residing in Lebanon Toward Breast Cancer, Cervical Cancer, and Intimate Hygiene.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Awareness about Breast Cancer and Breast Self-Examination among Undergraduate Female Students at the University of Agadir, Morocco: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study.Epidemiologia (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Women's Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perception on Personalized Risk-Stratified Breast Cancer Screening: A Cross-Sectional Study in Malaysia.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBreast cancer is the most common cancer and the second principal cause of cancer deaths in women worldwide as well as in Malaysia. Breast self-examination (BSE) has a role in raising breast cancer awareness among women and educational programs play an important role in breast cancer preventive behavior. The aim of this study is to develop, implement and evaluate the effectiveness of Breast Health Awareness program based on health belief model on knowledge of breast cancer and breast-selfexamination and BSE practice among female students in Malaysia.
methodsA single-blind randomized controlled trial was carried out among 370 female undergraduate students from January 2011 to April 2012 in two selected public universities in Malaysia. Participants were randomized to either the intervention group or the control group. The educational program was delivered to the intervention group. The outcome measures were assessed at baseline, 6, and 12 months after implementing the health educational program. Chi-square, independent samples t-test and two-way repeated measures ANOVA (GLM) were conducted in the course of the data analyses.
resultsMean scores of knowledge on breast cancer (p<0.003), knowledge on breast self examination (p<0.001), benefits of BSE (p<0.00), barrier of BSE (0.01) and confidence of BSE practice (p<0.00) in the intervention group had significant differences in comparison with those of the control group 6 and 12 months after the intervention. Also, among those who never practiced BSE at baseline, frequency of BSE practice increased 6 and 12 months after the intervention (p<0.05).
conclusionThe Breast Health Awareness program based on health the belief model had a positive effect on knowledge of breast cancer and breast self-examination and practice of BSE among females in Malaysia.
trial registrationThe ANZCTR clinical trial registry ( ACTRN12616000831482 ), retrospectively registered on Jun 23, 2016 in ANZCTR.org.au.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.