ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2016
Epidemiology and Impact of Campylobacter Infection in Children in 8 Low-Resource Settings: Results From the MAL-ED Study.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 137 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
137 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 185 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence and determinants of Campylobacter infection in under-five children of East Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Anthropometric and neurocognitive consequences of Campylobacter, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, and norovirus: A systematic review.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Aetiology of diarrhoea in children aged zero to nine years in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review.Journal of global health · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of Penner serotype prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni in low- and middle-income countries.PloS one · 2021Pooled it
- A systematic review of source attribution of human campylobacteriosis using multilocus sequence typing.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2019Pooled it
- Effect of a Homestead Food Production and Food Hygiene Intervention on Biomarkers of Environmental Enteric Dysfunction in Children Younger Than 24 Months in Rural Bangladesh: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Effect of biannual azithromycin distribution on antibody responses to malaria, bacterial, and protozoan pathogens in Niger.Nature communications · 2022Trial
- Comparing gut resistome composition among patients with acute Campylobacter infections and healthy family members.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Prevalence and diversity of enteric pathogens among cholera treatment centre patients with acute diarrhea in Uvira, Democratic Republic of Congo.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Trial
- Gut microbiome alteration in MORDOR I: a community-randomized trial of mass azithromycin distribution.Nature medicine · 2019Trial
- Phylogenetic analyses and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Campylobacter spp. from diarrhoeal patients and chickens in Botswana.PloS one · 2018Trial
- Early life exposures of enteric pathogens and nutritional outcomes in Timor-Leste: a longitudinal birth cohort study protocol.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Enhancing surveillance of foodborne bacteria and antimicrobial resistance using a large centralized laboratory database: Case study of Campylobacter and nontyphoidal Salmonella in Peru.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2026Article
- Reconstructing pathogen-specific antibody binding epitopes and age-dependent immune signatures from proteomic-scale peptide libraries.Science advances · 2026Article
- Frequency of Antimicrobial Resistance Among Fecal Bacteria Pathogens in an Informal Settlement in Nairobi, Kenya, 2018 to 2020.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Spatial and Temporal Patterns ofGeoHealth · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties ofMicrobiology (Reading, England) · 2026Article
- Article
77 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
28 authors at 16 institutions in 10 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEnteropathogen infections have been associated with enteric dysfunction and impaired growth in children in low-resource settings. In a multisite birth cohort study (MAL-ED), we describe the epidemiology and impact of Campylobacter infection in the first 2 years of life.
methodsChildren were actively followed up until 24 months of age. Diarrheal and nondiarrheal stool samples were collected and tested by enzyme immunoassay for Campylobacter Stool and blood samples were assayed for markers of intestinal permeability and inflammation.
resultsA total of 1892 children had 7601 diarrheal and 26 267 nondiarrheal stool samples tested for Campylobacter We describe a high prevalence of infection, with most children (n = 1606; 84.9%) having a Campylobacter-positive stool sample by 1 year of age. Factors associated with a reduced risk of Campylobacter detection included exclusive breastfeeding (risk ratio, 0.57; 95% confidence interval, .47-.67), treatment of drinking water (0.76; 0.70-0.83), access to an improved latrine (0.89; 0.82-0.97), and recent macrolide antibiotic use (0.68; 0.63-0.74). A high Campylobacter burden was associated with a lower length-for-age Z score at 24 months (-1.82; 95% confidence interval, -1.94 to -1.70) compared with a low burden (-1.49; -1.60 to -1.38). This association was robust to confounders and consistent across sites. Campylobacter infection was also associated with increased intestinal permeability and intestinal and systemic inflammation.
conclusionsCampylobacter was prevalent across diverse settings and associated with growth shortfalls. Promotion of exclusive breastfeeding, drinking water treatment, improved latrines, and targeted antibiotic treatment may reduce the burden of Campylobacter infection and improve growth in children in these settings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.