ArticleThe journal of pathology. Clinical research2016
FMNL2/FMNL3 formins are linked with oncogenic pathways and predict melanoma outcome.
Article in The journal of pathology. Clinical research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Aggregation tests identify new gene associations with breast cancer in populations with diverse ancestry.Genome medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Robust prioritization of genomic features with stability selection.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- The formin FMNL2 plays a role in the response of melanoma cells to substrate stiffness.BMC molecular and cell biology · 2025Article
- FMNL2/SRC-mediated androgen receptor translocation into the nucleus promotes enzalutamide resistance of prostate cancer.iScience · 2025Article
- Characterization of Expression and Function of the Formins FHOD1, INF2, and DAAM1 in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer.Journal of breast cancer · 2023Article
- Vesicle-Associated Actin Assembly by Formins Promotes TGFβ-Induced ANGPTL4 Trafficking, Secretion and Cell Invasion.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Small Extracellular Vesicles and Their Involvement in Cancer Resistance: An Up-to-Date Review.Cells · 2022Review
- Combined analyses of RNA-sequence and Hi-C along with GWAS loci-A novel approach to dissect keloid disorder genetic mechanism.PLoS genetics · 2022Article
- FMNL2 suppresses cell migration and invasion of breast cancer: a reduction of cytoplasmic p27 via RhoA/LIMK/Cofilin pathway.Cell death discovery · 2022Article
- Formins in Human Disease.Cells · 2021Review
- A Transcriptome-Wide Isoform Landscape of Melanocytic Nevi and Primary Melanomas Identifies Gene Isoforms Associated with Malignancy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Formin-like protein 2 promotes cell proliferation by a p27-related mechanism in human breast cancer cells.BMC cancer · 2021Article
- Characterization of a L136P mutation in Formin-like 2 (FMNL2) from a patient with chronic inflammatory bowel disease.PloS one · 2021Article
- FMNL2 regulates dynamics of fascin in filopodia.The Journal of cell biology · 2020Article
- Expression of Formin-like 2 and cortactin in gallbladder adenocarcinoma and their clinical significance.International journal of clinical and experimental pathology · 2020Article
- Formin-like 1 (FMNL1) Is Associated with Glioblastoma Multiforme Mesenchymal Subtype and Independently Predicts Poor Prognosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- PTPN3 suppresses lung cancer cell invasiveness by counteracting Src-mediated DAAM1 activation and actin polymerization.Oncogene · 2019Article
- Filopodia and focal adhesions: An integrated system driving branching morphogenesis in neuronal pathfinding and angiogenesis.Developmental biology · 2019Review
- BRAF immunohistochemistry predicts sentinel lymph node involvement in intermediate thickness melanomas.PloS one · 2019Article
- Formin-like 3 regulates RhoC/FAK pathway and actin assembly to promote cell invasion in colorectal carcinoma.World journal of gastroenterology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
While most early (stage I-II) melanomas are cured by surgery, recurrence is not uncommon. Prognostication by current clinicopathological parameters does not provide sufficient means for identifying patients who are at risk of developing metastases and in need of adjuvant therapy. Actin-regulating formins may account for invasive properties of cancer cells, including melanoma. Here, we studied formin-like protein 2 and 3 (FMNL2 and FMNL3) in melanoma by analysing their role in the invasive properties of melanoma cells and by evaluating whether FMNL2 expression is associated with melanoma outcome. Immunohistochemical characterization of FMNL2 in a cohort of 175 primary cutaneous stage I-II melanomas indicated that high FMNL2 reactivity correlates with poor outcome as evaluated by recurrence free survival (p < 0.0001) or disease specific survival (p < 0.0001). In multivariate analysis, Breslow's thickness (p < 0.05) and FMNL2 expression (p < 0.001) remained as independent prognostic factors. Cellular studies revealed that FMNL2 is a component of filopodia in many melanoma cell lines. Inhibition of either FMNL2 or the closely related FMNL3 affected the maintenance of melanoma cell morphology and reduced migration. Finally, inhibition of the BRAF, PI3K and MAPK oncogenic pathways markedly reduced expression of both FMNL2 and FMNL3 in melanoma cells. The results suggest a major role for FMNL2/FMNL3 formins in melanoma biology and raise the possibility that the novel targeted melanoma drugs may interfere with the cellular properties regulated by these formins.
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