ArticleAddiction research & theory
Barriers to practicing risk reduction strategies among people who inject drugs.
Article in Addiction research & theory. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06131788 (Evaluation of an Educational Hand Washing Intervention With a Single-dose Hydroalcoholic Solution on Abscesses in People Who Self-inject Drugs), which is not on this map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Evaluation of an Educational Hand Washing Intervention With a Single-dose Hydroalcoholic Solution on Abscesses in People Who Self-inject Drugs
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Needle exchange programs for the prevention of hepatitis C virus infection in people who inject drugs: a systematic review with meta-analysis.Harm reduction journal · 2017Pooled it
- Characteristics associated with motivation to stop substance use and improve skin and needle hygiene among hospitalized patients who inject drugs.Substance abuse · 2022Trial
- Association of skin infections with sharing of injection drug preparation equipment among people who inject drugs.The International journal on drug policy · 2021Trial
- Opioid withdrawal symptoms, frequency, and pain characteristics as correlates of health risk among people who inject drugs.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Trial
- Incarceration history and HIV testing among people who inject drugs in the Boston metro area: a pooled cross-sectional study.BMC public health · 2026Article
- "We're Not Gonna Aid You in Shooting Up": Stigma's Relationship to Harm Reduction in People Who Inject Drugs.Journal of general internal medicine · 2025Article
- "You don't have the right resources to let it hurt": How structural vulnerabilities shape opioid withdrawal experiences among a community sample of people who inject drugs in Los Angeles, California.Harm reduction journal · 2025Article
- Structural conditions, social networks, and the HIV vulnerability among Indonesian male labour migrants and motorbike taxi drivers.International journal for equity in health · 2025Article
- "I still can feel the sickness": Withdrawal experiences of people on methadone maintenance treatment.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Article
- A hand-washing community-based educational intervention to reduce abscess incidence among people who inject drugs: a cluster randomised controlled clinical trial protocol (the HAWA study protocol).BMC public health · 2024Article
- Characterizing Opioid Withdrawal Experiences and Consequences Among a Community Sample of People Who Use Opioids.Substance use & misuse · 2024Article
- "As safe as possible": a qualitative study of opioid withdrawal and risk behavior among people who use illegal opioids.Harm reduction journal · 2023Article
- COVID-19-Related Changes to Drug-Selling Networks and Their Effects on People Who Use Illicit Opioids.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2023Article
- A community-based study of abscess self-treatment and barriers to medical care among people who inject drugs in the United States.Health & social care in the community · 2022Article
- Factors associated with methamphetamine withdrawal symptoms among people who inject drugs.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2021Article
- Article
- A two-component intervention to improve hand hygiene practices and promote alcohol-based hand rub use among people who inject drugs: a mixed-methods evaluation.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Barriers to using new needles encountered by rural Appalachian people who inject drugs: implications for needle exchange.Harm reduction journal · 2019Article
- Perceived Behavioral Control and Barriers to Cleaning Skin Before Injecting Drugs.Journal of addiction medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND
aimsPeople who inject drugs (PWID) engage in practices that put them at risk for various infections and overdose. The primary aim of this study was to examine common barriers to engaging in two risk reduction practices - cleaning one's skin at the injection site and always using new needles to inject - among heroin injectors in Denver, CO.
methodIn 2010, 48 PWIDs were recruited through street outreach and completed a structured interview that included questions on the frequency of specific risk reduction practices (skin cleaning and using new needles) and barriers associated with these practices.
resultsThough many of the reported barriers were similar across the two practices, the most common barriers associated with skin cleaning included being in withdrawal and not being prepared with materials prior to injection. Fear of being arrested and being in withdrawal were most frequently reported for using new needles. Multivariate and t-test analyses demonstrated that individuals who skin cleaned and used new needles more frequently reported less barriers to these practices.
conclusionsParticipants reported a number of barriers to risk reduction, including those that are within the personal control of the injector, barriers that are consequences of addiction or psychological problems, and those that are structural or a function of the risk environment. Statistical analysis found that PWIDs who were more likely to skin clean and use new needles reported less barriers. Addressing barriers when intervening with PWID appears important to increase the success of risk reduction interventions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.