ArticleAddiction research & theory
Gender differences in age of smoking initiation and its association with health.
Article in Addiction research & theory. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sex differences in the genetic and causal relationships between depression, smoking, and alcohol use: the role of socioeconomic status.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Gender differences in smoking cessation support: a qualitative study of Dutch healthcare professionals' experiences.Health promotion international · 2025Article
- Sex-based differences in histologic lung cancer incidence trends in the United States, 2005-2019.International journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Examining the Role of Race/Ethnicity and Sex in Modifying the Association Between Early Smoking Initiation and Mortality: A 20-Year NHANES Analysis.AJPM focus · 2025Article
- Neighborhood Violence Exposure and Alcohol and Tobacco Use Initiation Among Ethnic Minority Adolescents.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Tobacco and alcohol use among adolescents and young adults in aspirational districts in India: NFHS-5 based secondary analysis.The Pan African medical journal · 2025Article
- Youthful Choices: A Secondary Analysis of the NFHS-5 Data to Examine Tobacco Use in Indian Adolescent Girls and Young Women.Indian journal of psychological medicine · 2025Article
- Early-onset alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use with age at onset of hypertension: a survival analysis.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2024Article
- Sociodemographic inequalities in cigarette, smokeless tobacco, waterpipe tobacco, and electronic cigarette use among adolescents aged 12-16 years in 114 countries: A cross-sectional analysis.Tobacco induced diseases · 2024Article
- Use of electronic vaping products and mental health among adolescent high school students in the United States: The moderating effect of sex.Journal of psychiatric research · 2022Article
- Article
- Nicotine Dependence and Loss of Autonomy among Greek Adolescent Smokers: A Countrywide Cross-Sectional Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Influence of gender on initiation of tobacco and nicotine containing product use among U.S. Air Force trainees.Preventive medicine reports · 2020Article
- Article
- Factors Associated with Cigarette Use During Airmen's First Year of Service in the United States Air Force.Military medicine · 2020Article
- The association between gender roles and smoking initiation among women and adolescent girls.Journal of gender studies · 2020Article
- Influence of gender and peer tobacco use on tobacco use intentions after a period of involuntary tobacco abstinence among U.S. Air Force trainees.Preventive medicine reports · 2019Article
- Time Trends in Smoking Onset by Sex and Race/Ethnicity Among Adolescents and Young Adults: Findings From the 2006-2013 National Survey on Drug Use and Health.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2018Article
- Post-High School Changes in Tobacco and Cannabis Use in the United States.Substance use & misuse · 2018Article
- Patterns in first and daily cigarette initiation among youth and young adults from 2002 to 2015.PloS one · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIt is generally accepted that smoking starts in adolescence and earlier initiation is associated with more negative health outcomes. Some research suggests that women initiate smoking at later ages and have more negative health outcomes than men. The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in age of initiation and its association with health.
methodsThe sample included men (n=8,506) and women (n=8,479) with a history of smoking from the 2001-2002 National Epidemiological Survey of Alcohol Related Conditions. Logistic regression was used to examine gender differences in the effect of late smoking initiation on physical and mental health status after adjusting for covariates.
resultsAt mostly all ages after 16, women exceeded men in rates of smoking initiation (59.8% vs. 50.3%, p<.001). Among late initiators (≥16), women were more likely than men to have hypertension (OR:1.24,CI:1.09-1.41), heart disease (OR:1.20,CI:1.00-1.45), major depressive disorder (OR:2.54,CI:2.22-2.92) and generalized anxiety disorder (OR:2.34,CI:1.84-2.99). Among early initiators (<16), women were more likely than men to have major depressive disorder (OR:2.42,CI:2.11-2.77) and generalized anxiety disorder (OR:2.01,CI:1.59-2.54) but there were no gender differences in the likelihood of having hypertension (OR:1.04,CI:0.89-1.22) and heart disease (OR:1.11,CI:0.90-1.36).
conclusionsIn late adolescence and adulthood, women exceed men in smoking initiation. Late initiation was associated with more significant physical health risks for women than men. Our findings raise questions about generally accepted notions on the age at which smoking initiation occurs and its association with health.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.