ArticleClinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.)2016
Frequency and risk factors associated with dry eye in patients attending a tertiary care ophthalmology center in Mexico City.
Article in Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04648085 (Effect of Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation on Subbasal Corneal Nerve Plexus Density and Chronic Ocular Pain in Patients With Dry Eye), which is not on this map. Cited by 23 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effect of Trigeminal Nerve Stimulation on Subbasal Corneal Nerve Plexus Density and Chronic Ocular Pain in Patients With Dry Eye
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of dry eye and Meibomian gland dysfunction in Central and South America: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC ophthalmology · 2024Pooled it
- Chronic Ocular Surface Pain: An Optometrist and Ophthalmologist Survey.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Article
- Emerging Age-Specific Therapeutic Approaches for Dry Eye Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Dry eye: A hospital-based sociodemographic, risk and clinical classification profile.Health SA = SA Gesondheid · 2025Article
- Association between statin use and dry eye disease in patients with hyperlipidemia: A population-based retrospective cohort study.Clinical and translational science · 2024Article
- Prevalence and Risk Factors of Dry Eye Disease in the South of Palestine.The Malaysian journal of medical sciences : MJMS · 2024Article
- Association between systemic medication use and severity of dry eye signs and symptoms in the DRy eye assessment and management (DREAM) study.The ocular surface · 2024Article
- Influencing factors of self-management ability among dry eye patients in west China.International journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Eye Pain Caused by Epithelial Damage in the Central Cornea in Aqueous-Deficient Dry Eye.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Meibomian Gland Dysfunction Clinical Practice Guidelines.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2023Article
- Beyond dry eye: how co-morbidities influence disease phenotype in dry eye disease.Clinical & experimental optometry · 2022Review
- A Practical Approach to Severity Classification and Treatment of Dry Eye Disease: A Proposal from the Mexican Dry Eye Disease Expert Panel.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Article
- Symptomatic dry eye disease and associated factors among postgraduate students in Ethiopia.PloS one · 2022Article
- Assessment and Management of Dry Eye Disease and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: Providing a Singapore Framework.Asia-Pacific journal of ophthalmology (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2021Article
- Evaluation of Eye-Pain Severity between Dry-Eye Subtypes.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Symptoms of ocular surface disease in construction workers: comparative study with office workers.BMC ophthalmology · 2020Observational
- Article
- Transcultural validation of the 5-Item Dry Eye Questionnaire for the Mexican population.International ophthalmology · 2019Article
- Clinical indicators of dry eye severity nursing outcome in intensive care unit.Revista latino-americana de enfermagem · 2019Article
- Factors associated with severe dry eye in primary Sjögren's syndrome diagnosed patients.Rheumatology international · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe purpose of this study was to ascertain the frequency and risk factors of dry eye (DE) among patients attending a tertiary care ophthalmology center in Mexico.
methodsApproximately 338 consecutive new patients attending a tertiary care ophthalmology center in Mexico City underwent an ocular surface examination, which included tear film break-up time, fluorescein corneal staining, Schirmer's test, and evaluation of meibum quality. Symptoms of DE were evaluated by the Ocular Surface Disease Index and Dry Eye Questionnaire-5. Information on demographics, exposures, past medical and ocular history, and medications was also collected.
resultsThe frequency of severe DE symptoms was found to be 43% based on the Ocular Surface Disease Index and 30% based on Dry Eye Questionnaire-5. Risk factors significantly associated with increased DE symptoms included dry mouth and gastrointestinal ulcer medications. With regard to signs, aqueous tear deficiency was a less-frequent finding (22%) in our population than evaporative deficiency (94%). Risk factors associated with aqueous tear deficiency were dry mouth and diuretic use. No risk factors were associated with evaporative deficiency. Risk factors associated with meibomian gland dysfunction included old age, male sex, arthritis, and use of an antihypertensive. The only risk factor associated with corneal staining was dry mouth.
conclusionThis is the first study to demonstrate the frequency of symptomatic and clinical DE in a tertiary care ophthalmology center in Mexico. The frequency of DE ranged from 30% using a symptomatic definition to 94% using objective measures. Different risk factors were found for different aspects of DE, suggesting differing underlying pathophysiologies behind different DE subtypes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.