ReviewCardiovascular research2016
Biology of proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9: beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering.
Review in Cardiovascular research, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03634293 (PCSK9 Inhibitor), which is not on this map. Cited by 53 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
PCSK9 Inhibitor: a New Tool to Fight Septic Shock
Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 138 citations in OpenAlex.
- Proteomics reveals spatial and molecular heterogeneities in advanced atherosclerotic carotid artery plaques.Nature cardiovascular research · 2026Article
- PCSK9 and Breast Cancer Survival: A Mendelian Randomization Study.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Article
- The discovery of PCSK9 as a pivotal point in the prevention of cardiovascular disease.American journal of preventive cardiology · 2025Review
- PCSK9 and Lipid Metabolism: Genetic Variants, Current Therapies, and Cardiovascular Outcomes.Cardiovascular drugs and therapy · 2025Review
- Engineered probiotic ameliorates hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis by secreting PCSK9 nanobodies and regulating gut microbiota.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2025Article
- Review
- Effects of theGenes · 2025Article
- Macrophage HM13/SPP Enhances Foamy Macrophage Formation and Atherogenesis.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- PCSK9 in T-cell function and the immune response.Biomarker research · 2024Review
- Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, Dyslipidemia, and Cardiovascular Risk: A Complex Interplay.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2024Review
- High-Density Lipoprotein Predicts Intrahospital Mortality in Influenza.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Dysregulation in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Fraction of the Whole.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin 9 Inhibitor in Severe Sepsis and Septic Shock Patients in a Phase II Prospective Cohort Study-Preliminary Results.Infectious disease reports · 2024Article
- Contrasting effects of intracellular and extracellular human PCSK9 on inflammation, lipid alteration and cell death.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Assessment of serum proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 in pediatric sepsis syndrome.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Effects of Serum Estradiol on Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 Levels and Lipid Profiles in Women Undergoing In Vitro Fertilization.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2024Article
- Recent Advances in Anti-Atherosclerosis and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Nanomaterial-Derived Drug Formulations.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Review
- Common and RareInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Association of genetic polymorphisms of PCSK9 with type 2 diabetes in Uygur Chinese population.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2022Article
- Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) Deletion but Not Inhibition of Extracellular PCSK9 Reduces Infarct Sizes Ex Vivo but Not In Vivo.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Proprotein convertase subtilisin kexin 9 (PCSK9) is a key regulator of low-density lipoprotein receptor levels and LDL-cholesterol levels. Loss-of-function mutations in PCSK9 gene are associated with hypocholesterolaemia and protection against cardiovascular disease, identifying PCSK9 inhibition as a valid therapeutic approach to manage hypercholesterolaemia and related diseases. Although PCSK9 is expressed mainly in the liver, it is present also in other tissues and organs with specific functions, raising the question of whether a pharmacological inhibition of PCSK9 to treat hypercholesterolaemia and associated cardiovascular diseases might be helpful or deleterious in non-hepatic tissues. For example, PCSK9 is expressed in the vascular wall, in the kidneys, and in the brain, where it was proposed to play a role in development, neurocognitive process, and neuronal apoptosis. A link between PCSK9 and immunity was also proposed as both sepsis and viral infections are differentially affected in the presence or absence of PCSK9. Despite the increasing number of observations, the debate on the exact roles of PCSK9 in extrahepatic tissues is still ongoing, and as very effective drugs that inhibit PCSK9 have become available to the clinician, a better understanding of the biological roles of PCSK9 is warranted.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.