Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27496226›Full record

SynthesisBMJ open2016

Systematic review of validated case definitions for diabetes in ICD-9-coded and ICD-10-coded data in adult populations.

Bushra Khokhar, Nathalie Jette, Amy Metcalfe, Ceara Tess Cunningham, Hude Quan, Gilaad G Kaplan, Sonia Butalia, Doreen Rabi

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMJ open, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
83citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

83 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Validity of International Classification of Diseases Codes for Identifying Neuro-Ophthalmic Disease in Large Data Sets: A Systematic Review.Journal of neuro-ophthalmology : the official journal of the North American Neuro-Ophthalmology Society · 2020
    Pooled it
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  18. Major Cardiovascular and Renal Complications in IgA Vasculitis: Insights from a Federated Health Research Network.AMIA Joint Summits on Translational Science proceedings. AMIA Joint Summits on Translational Science · 2025
    Article
  19. Article
  20. Automated sample annotation for diabetes mellitus in healthcare integrated biobanking.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2024
    Article

23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Bushra KhokharDepartment of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Nathalie JetteDepartment of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Amy MetcalfeO'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Ceara Tess CunninghamDepartment of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Hude QuanDepartment of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-7848-7256
Gilaad G KaplanDepartment of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Sonia ButaliaO'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Doreen RabiDepartment of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada O'Brien Institute for Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Funding

CIHR
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesWith steady increases in 'big data' and data analytics over the past two decades, administrative health databases have become more accessible and are now used regularly for diabetes surveillance. The objective of this study is to systematically review validated International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-based case definitions for diabetes in the adult population. SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND OUTCOME MEASURES: Electronic databases, MEDLINE and Embase, were searched for validation studies where an administrative case definition (using ICD codes) for diabetes in adults was validated against a reference and statistical measures of the performance reported.

resultsThe search yielded 2895 abstracts, and of the 193 potentially relevant studies, 16 met criteria. Diabetes definition for adults varied by data source, including physician claims (sensitivity ranged from 26.9% to 97%, specificity ranged from 94.3% to 99.4%, positive predictive value (PPV) ranged from 71.4% to 96.2%, negative predictive value (NPV) ranged from 95% to 99.6% and κ ranged from 0.8 to 0.9), hospital discharge data (sensitivity ranged from 59.1% to 92.6%, specificity ranged from 95.5% to 99%, PPV ranged from 62.5% to 96%, NPV ranged from 90.8% to 99% and κ ranged from 0.6 to 0.9) and a combination of both (sensitivity ranged from 57% to 95.6%, specificity ranged from 88% to 98.5%, PPV ranged from 54% to 80%, NPV ranged from 98% to 99.6% and κ ranged from 0.7 to 0.8).

conclusionsOverall, administrative health databases are useful for undertaking diabetes surveillance, but an awareness of the variation in performance being affected by case definition is essential. The performance characteristics of these case definitions depend on the variations in the definition of primary diagnosis in ICD-coded discharge data and/or the methodology adopted by the healthcare facility to extract information from patient records.

Indexed as

International Classification of DiseasesAdultAlgorithmsClinical CodingDatabases, FactualDiabetes MellitusHumansMedical RecordsPatient DischargeSensitivity and Specificityadministrative datacase definitiondiabetesvalidation studies

Identifiers

PMID27496226
PMCPMC4985868

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.