ArticleRoyal Society open science2016
Contrast, contours and the confusion effect in dazzle camouflage.
Article in Royal Society open science, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Motion enhances camouflage: Retinal evidence for flicker fusion camouflage in jumping spiders.iScience · 2026Article
- Dynamic colour change in zebrafish (Royal Society open science · 2025Article
- The origin of black and white coloration of the Asian tiger mosquitoBeilstein journal of nanotechnology · 2023Article
- The repeated evolution of stripe patterns is correlated with body morphology in the adaptive radiations of East African cichlid fishes.Ecology and evolution · 2022Article
- Motion: enhancing signals and concealing cues.Biology open · 2021Article
- The evolution of patterning during movement in a large-scale citizen science game.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2021Article
- Spatial and temporal variation in prey color patterns for background matching across a continuous heterogeneous environment.Ecology and evolution · 2020Article
- Dynamic colour change and the confusion effect against predation.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- How camouflage works.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2017Review
- Diverted by dazzle: perceived movement direction is biased by target pattern orientation.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2017Article
- Dazzle camouflage and the confusion effect: the influence of varying speed on target tracking.Animal behaviour · 2017Article
- The confusion effect when attacking simulated three-dimensional starling flocks.Royal Society open science · 2017Article
- Dazzled by shine: gloss as an antipredator strategy in fast moving prey.Behavioral ecology : official journal of the International Society for Behavioral EcologyArticle
- Camouflaging moving objects: crypsis and masquerade.Behavioral ecology : official journal of the International Society for Behavioral EcologyArticle
- Prey movement, size, and glossiness interact to impact praying mantid attack behaviors.Behavioral ecology : official journal of the International Society for Behavioral EcologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
'Motion dazzle camouflage' is the name for the putative effects of highly conspicuous, often repetitive or complex, patterns on parameters important in prey capture, such as the perception of speed, direction and identity. Research into motion dazzle camouflage is increasing our understanding of the interactions between visual tracking, the confusion effect and defensive coloration. However, there is a paucity of research into the effects of contrast on motion dazzle camouflage: is maximal contrast a prerequisite for effectiveness? If not, this has important implications for our recognition of the phenotype and understanding of the function and mechanisms of potential motion dazzle camouflage patterns. Here we tested human participants' ability to track one moving target among many identical distractors with surface patterns designed to test the influence of these factors. In line with previous evidence, we found that targets with stripes parallel to the object direction of motion were hardest to track. However, reduction in contrast did not significantly influence this result. This finding may bring into question the utility of current definitions of motion dazzle camouflage, and means that some animal patterns, such as aposematic or mimetic stripes, may have previously unrecognized multiple functions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.