Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27491342›Full record

ArticleActa tropica2016

Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum transmission reducing immunity among primary school children in a malaria moderate transmission region in Zimbabwe.

Noah H Paul, Arthur Vengesai, Takafira Mduluza, James Chipeta, Nicholas Midzi, Geetha P Bansal, Nirbhay Kumar

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Acta tropica, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Serological evidence of continued exposure toFrontiers in microbiology · 2025
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Pfs47 as a Malaria Transmission-Blocking Vaccine Target.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2022
    Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Noah H PaulScientific and Industrial Research and Development Centre, Food and Biomedical Technology Institute, 1574 Alpes Rd., P O Box 6640, Hatcliffe, Harare, Zimbabwe; University of Zimbabwe, Biochemistry Department, P O Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Arthur VengesaiUniversity of Zimbabwe, Biochemistry Department, P O Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Takafira MduluzaUniversity of Zimbabwe, Biochemistry Department, P O Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe; School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa.
James ChipetaUniversity of Zambia School of Medicine and University Teaching Hospital, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, P.O. Box 50110, Lusaka, Zambia.
Nicholas MidziUniversity of Zimbabwe, College of Health Sciences Department of Community Medicine, P O Box MP 167, Mount Pleasant, Harare, Zimbabwe.
Geetha P BansalDepartment of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, and Vector Borne Infectious Diseases Research Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
Nirbhay KumarDepartment of Tropical Medicine, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, and Vector Borne Infectious Diseases Research Center, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA. Electronic address: nkumar@tulane.edu.

Funding

Malaria Training and Research Capacity Building in Southern AfricaD43TW001587 · FIC · TULANE UNIVERSITY OF LOUISIANA · PI KUMAR, NIRBHAY · 2000 to 2012
$1.4M
FIC NIH HHS D43 TW001587
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Malaria continues to cause alarming morbidity and mortality in more than 100 countries worldwide. Antigens in the various life cycle stages of malaria parasites are presented to the immune system during natural infection and it is widely recognized that after repeated malaria exposure, adults develop partially protective immunity. Specific antigens of natural immunity represent among the most important targets for the development of malaria vaccines. Immunity against the transmission stages of the malaria parasite represents an important approach to reduce malaria transmission and is believed to become an important tool for gradual elimination of malaria. Development of immunity against Plasmodium falciparum sexual stages was evaluated in primary school children aged 6-16 years in Makoni district of Zimbabwe, an area of low to modest malaria transmission. Malaria infection was screened by microscopy, rapid diagnostic tests and finally using nested PCR. Plasma samples were tested for antibodies against recombinant Pfs48/45 and Pfs47 by ELISA. Corresponding serum samples were used to test for P. falciparum transmission reducing activity in Anopheles stephensi and An. gambiae mosquitoes using the membrane feeding assay. The prevalence of malaria diagnosed by rapid diagnostic test kit (Paracheck)™ was 1.7%. However, of the randomly tested blood samples, 66% were positive by nested PCR. ELISA revealed prevalence (64% positivity at 1:500 dilution, in randomly selected 66 plasma samples) of antibodies against recombinant Pfs48/45 (mean A 405nm=0.53, CI=0.46-0.60) and Pfs47 (mean A405nm=0.91, CI=0.80-1.02); antigens specific to the sexual stages. The mosquito membrane feeding assay demonstrated measurable transmission reducing ability of the samples that were positive for Pfs48/45 antibodies by ELISA. Interestingly, 3 plasma samples revealed enhancement of infectivity of P. falciparum in An. stephensi mosquitoes. These studies revealed the presence of antibodies with transmission reducing immunity in school age children from a moderate transmission area of malaria, and provide further support to exploit target antigens such as Pfs48/45 for further development of a malaria transmission blocking vaccine.

Indexed as

AdolescentAnimalsAnophelesAntibodies, ProtozoanChildDrug DiscoveryEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayFemaleHumansImmunity, InnateLife Cycle StagesMalaria, FalciparumMalaria VaccinesMaleMembrane GlycoproteinsPlasmodium falciparumAntibodies, ProtozoanMalaria VaccinesMembrane GlycoproteinsPfs47 protein, Plasmodium falciparumpfs48-45 protein, Plasmodium falciparumProtozoan Proteins

Identifiers

PMID27491342
PMCPMC5007214

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.