Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27490458›Full record

ArticleMolecular microbiology2016

The roles of AtxA orthologs in virulence of anthrax-like Bacillus cereus G9241.

Jennifer M Scarff, Malik J Raynor, Yuliya I Seldina, Christy L Ventura, Theresa M Koehler, Alison D O'Brien

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular microbiology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
7citing papers in PubMed
1.2field-weighted citation impact, top 19% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

7 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. PRD-Containing Virulence Regulators (PCVRs) in Pathogenic Bacteria.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021
    Review
  3. You Can'tFrontiers in microbiology · 2020
    Review
  4. TheMicrobiology spectrum · 2019
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Jennifer M ScarffDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Malik J RaynorDepartment of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
Yuliya I SeldinaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Christy L VenturaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Theresa M KoehlerDepartment of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
Alison D O'BrienDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences · USThe University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston · US

Funding

VIRULENCE GENE EXPRESSION BY BACILLUS ANTHRACISR01AI033537 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR HOUSTON · PI KOEHLER, THERESA M. · 1998 to 2020
$5.4M
Contribution of Certhrax to Virulence of Anthrax-like Bacillus cereus StrainR21AI111101 · NIAID · HENRY M. JACKSON FDN FOR THE ADV MIL/MED · PI BARBIERI, JOSEPH T, O'BRIEN, ALISON DAVIS · 2015 to 2016
$428k
Functional similarity of PRD-containing virulence regulators in B. anthracisF31AI110101 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR HOUSTON · PI RAYNOR, MALIK JAMAAL · 2014 to 2016
$88k
NIAID NIH HHS F31 AI110101NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI033537NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI111101
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

AtxA is a critical transcriptional regulator of plasmid-encoded virulence genes in Bacillus anthracis. Bacillus cereus G9241, which caused an anthrax-like infection, has two virulence plasmids, pBCXO1 and pBC210, that each harbor toxin genes and a capsule locus. G9241 also produces two orthologs of AtxA: AtxA1, encoded on pBCXO1, and AtxA2, encoded on pBC210. The amino acid sequence of AtxA1 is identical to that of AtxA from B. anthracis, while the sequences of AtxA1 and AtxA2 are 79% identical and 91% similar to one another. We found by qRT-PCR that AtxA1 and AtxA2 function as positive regulators of toxin (AtxA1) and capsule operon (both) transcription in G9241 and that a ΔatxA1 mutant produced lower levels of the anthrax toxins and no hyaluronic acid capsule. Deletion of atxA1 or atxA2 decreased the virulence of spores administered intranasally or subcutaneously to C57BL/6 mice but not to A/J mice, and deletion of both genes rendered spores avirulent in A/J mice. In addition, unlike AtxA1, AtxA2 did not form stable homomultimers in vitro, although AtxA1 and AtxA2 formed heterodimers. Our data show that AtxA1 is the primary regulator of G9241 virulence factor expression and that AtxA1 and AtxA2 are both required for full virulence.

Indexed as

Amino Acid SequenceAnimalsAntigens, BacterialBacillus anthracisBacillus cereusBacterial CapsulesBacterial ProteinsBacterial ToxinsFemaleMiceMice, Inbred AMice, Inbred C57BLOperonPlasmidsTrans-ActivatorsVirulenceanthrax toxinAntigens, BacterialATXA protein, Bacillus anthracisBacterial ProteinsBacterial ToxinsTrans-ActivatorsVirulence Factors

Identifiers

PMID27490458
PMCPMC5118089
OpenAlexW2512756710

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.