Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27488597›Full record

ArticleNeurology2016

Incident parkinsonism in older adults without Parkinson disease.

Aron S Buchman, Sue E Leurgans, Lei Yu, Robert S Wilson, Andrew S Lim, Bryan D James, Joshua M Shulman, David A Bennett

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Neurology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
52citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.5field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 74 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Neuroticism and Risk of Parkinson's Disease: A Meta-Analysis.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2021
    Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Analyzing the 'Bradykinesia Complex' in Parkinson's Disease.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
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  7. Article
  8. The centenarian blueprint: lessons in defying Parkinson's disease.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2025
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.

Aron S BuchmanFrom Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (A.S.B., S.E.L., L.Y., R.S.W., B.D.J., D.A.B.); Departments of Neurological Sciences (A.S.B., S.E.L., D.A.B.), Behavioral Sciences (R.S.W.), and Internal Medicine (B.D.J.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A.S.L.), University of Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurology, Molecular and Human Genetics, Neuroscience, and Program in Developmental Biology (J.M.S.), Baylor College of Medicine; and Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute (J.M.S.), Texas Children's Hospital, Houston. Aron_S_Buchman@rush.edu.
Sue E LeurgansFrom Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (A.S.B., S.E.L., L.Y., R.S.W., B.D.J., D.A.B.); Departments of Neurological Sciences (A.S.B., S.E.L., D.A.B.), Behavioral Sciences (R.S.W.), and Internal Medicine (B.D.J.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A.S.L.), University of Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurology, Molecular and Human Genetics, Neuroscience, and Program in Developmental Biology (J.M.S.), Baylor College of Medicine; and Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute (J.M.S.), Texas Children's Hospital, Houston.
Lei YuFrom Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (A.S.B., S.E.L., L.Y., R.S.W., B.D.J., D.A.B.); Departments of Neurological Sciences (A.S.B., S.E.L., D.A.B.), Behavioral Sciences (R.S.W.), and Internal Medicine (B.D.J.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A.S.L.), University of Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurology, Molecular and Human Genetics, Neuroscience, and Program in Developmental Biology (J.M.S.), Baylor College of Medicine; and Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute (J.M.S.), Texas Children's Hospital, Houston.
Robert S WilsonFrom Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (A.S.B., S.E.L., L.Y., R.S.W., B.D.J., D.A.B.); Departments of Neurological Sciences (A.S.B., S.E.L., D.A.B.), Behavioral Sciences (R.S.W.), and Internal Medicine (B.D.J.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A.S.L.), University of Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurology, Molecular and Human Genetics, Neuroscience, and Program in Developmental Biology (J.M.S.), Baylor College of Medicine; and Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute (J.M.S.), Texas Children's Hospital, Houston.
Andrew S LimFrom Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (A.S.B., S.E.L., L.Y., R.S.W., B.D.J., D.A.B.); Departments of Neurological Sciences (A.S.B., S.E.L., D.A.B.), Behavioral Sciences (R.S.W.), and Internal Medicine (B.D.J.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A.S.L.), University of Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurology, Molecular and Human Genetics, Neuroscience, and Program in Developmental Biology (J.M.S.), Baylor College of Medicine; and Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute (J.M.S.), Texas Children's Hospital, Houston.
Bryan D JamesFrom Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (A.S.B., S.E.L., L.Y., R.S.W., B.D.J., D.A.B.); Departments of Neurological Sciences (A.S.B., S.E.L., D.A.B.), Behavioral Sciences (R.S.W.), and Internal Medicine (B.D.J.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A.S.L.), University of Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurology, Molecular and Human Genetics, Neuroscience, and Program in Developmental Biology (J.M.S.), Baylor College of Medicine; and Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute (J.M.S.), Texas Children's Hospital, Houston.
Joshua M ShulmanFrom Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (A.S.B., S.E.L., L.Y., R.S.W., B.D.J., D.A.B.); Departments of Neurological Sciences (A.S.B., S.E.L., D.A.B.), Behavioral Sciences (R.S.W.), and Internal Medicine (B.D.J.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A.S.L.), University of Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurology, Molecular and Human Genetics, Neuroscience, and Program in Developmental Biology (J.M.S.), Baylor College of Medicine; and Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute (J.M.S.), Texas Children's Hospital, Houston.
David A BennettFrom Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center (A.S.B., S.E.L., L.Y., R.S.W., B.D.J., D.A.B.); Departments of Neurological Sciences (A.S.B., S.E.L., D.A.B.), Behavioral Sciences (R.S.W.), and Internal Medicine (B.D.J.), Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL; Department of Neurology (A.S.L.), University of Toronto, Canada; Departments of Neurology, Molecular and Human Genetics, Neuroscience, and Program in Developmental Biology (J.M.S.), Baylor College of Medicine; and Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute (J.M.S.), Texas Children's Hospital, Houston.
Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative · USBaylor College of Medicine · USNeurological Research Institute · USTexas Children's Hospital · USUniversity of Toronto · CA

Funding

Alzheimer's Disease Genetics ConsortiumU01AG032984 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI SCHELLENBERG, GERARD DAVID · 2009 to 2024
$60.4M
SUPPLEMENT TO RUSH ALZHEIMERS DISEASE CENTER COREP30AG010161 · NIA · RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI LEURGANS, SUE E. · 1991 to 2020
$49.1M
EPIDEMIOLOGY OF NEURAL RESERVE AND NEUROBIOLOGY IN AGINGR01AG017917 · NIA · RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI BENNETT, DAVID ALAN · 2001 to 2023
$43.3M
RISK FACTORS, PATHOLOGY, AND CLINICAL EXPRESSIONS OF ADR01AG015819 · NIA · RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI BENNETT, DAVID ALAN · 1998 to 2024
$21.4M
Risk Factors for Cognitive Decline in African-AmericansR01AG022018 · NIA · RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI BARNES, LISA L · 2004 to 2025
$18.2M
Pathway discovery, validation and compound identification for Alzheimer's disease - SupplementU01AG046152 · NIA · COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES · PI BENNETT, DAVID ALAN, DE JAGER, PHILIP L · 2013 to 2017
$13.6M
Characterizing the Behavior Profile of Healthy Cognitive AgingR01AG034374 · NIA · RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI PATRICIA A BOYLE · 2009 to 2026
$8.8M
Discovery of Novel Proteomic Targets in Alzheimer's DiseaseU01AG046161 · NIA · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI BENNETT, DAVID ALAN, GESCHWIND, DANIEL H · 2014 to 2018
$8.4M
Epidemiologic Study of Impaired Decision-Making in Preclinical Alzheimer's DiseasR01AG033678 · NIA · RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI BOYLE, PATRICIA A · 2009 to 2025
$7.8M
Role of impaired cognitive states & risk factors in conversion to mixed dementiasR01AG038651 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY · PI ABNER, ERIN, KRYSCIO, RICHARD J. · 2011 to 2023
$6.1M
Rush Center of Excellence on Disparties in HIV and Aging (CEDHA)P20MD006886 · NIMHD · RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI SHAH, RAJ C · 2012 to 2016
$6.0M
Risk Factors, Pathology, and Clinical Expressions of ADRF1AG015819 · NIA · RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER · PI BENNETT, DAVID ALAN · 2014 to 2014
$6.0M
NIA NIH HHS K01 AG050823NIA NIH HHS K08 AG034290NIA NIH HHS P30 AG010161NIA NIH HHS R01 AG015819NIA NIH HHS R01 AG017917NIA NIH HHS R01 AG022018NIA NIH HHS R01 AG033193NIA NIH HHS R01 AG033570NIA NIH HHS R01 AG033678NIA NIH HHS R01 AG034374NIA NIH HHS R01 AG036042NIA NIH HHS R01 AG038651NIA NIH HHS R01 AG040039NIA NIH HHS R01 AG042210NIA NIH HHS R01 AG043379NIA NIH HHS R01 AG047976NIA NIH HHS RF1 AG015819NIA NIH HHS U01 AG032984NIA NIH HHS U01 AG046152NIA NIH HHS U01 AG046161NIMHD NIH HHS P20 MD006886NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS078009NINDS NIH HHS R21 NS089854NINDS NIH HHS U18 NS082140
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo determine the incidence of parkinsonism in community-dwelling older adults without Parkinson disease.

methodsFour parkinsonian signs were assessed with a modified motor portion of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale in 2,001 older adults without parkinsonism. We used Cox proportional hazards models to determine the associations of age and sex with incident parkinsonism (2 or more signs). We calculated the number of events per 1,000 person-years of observation in 3 age strata. Next, we investigated several potential risk factors for incident parkinsonism. Then, we examined longitudinal progression of parkinsonism using discrete-time multistate Markov models.

resultsAverage age at baseline was 76.8 years (SD 7.62 years). During an average of 5 years of follow-up, 964/2,001 (48.2%) developed parkinsonism. Age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08-1.10) but not male sex (HR 1.06, 95% CI 0.91-1.23) was associated with incident parkinsonism. The incidence of parkinsonism per 1,000 person-years of follow-up was 36.0 for adults <75 years of age, 94.8 for those 75-84, and 160.5 for those 85 years or older. Depressive symptoms, neuroticism, urinary incontinence, sleep complaints, and chronic health conditions were associated with incident parkinsonism. Secondary analyses suggest that risk factors are linked with incident parkinsonism via early motor signs of parkinsonism and cognitive function. Transition modeling suggests that while parkinsonism may fluctuate, it is progressive in most older adults and its risk factors increase the odds of its progression.

conclusionsParkinsonism is common in older adults and increases with age. Identifying modifiable risk factors may decrease the magnitude of this growing public health problem.

Indexed as

AgedAged, 80 and overDisease ProgressionFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHumansIncidenceMaleParkinsonian DisordersProportional Hazards ModelsProspective StudiesRisk Factors

Identifiers

PMID27488597
PMCPMC5027813
OpenAlexW2504196224

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.