Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27488131›Full record

ArticleBMC research notes2016

Penicillin binding protein 3 of Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 8325-4 binds and activates human plasminogen.

Riikka Kylväjä, Tuomas Ojalehto, Veera Kainulainen, Ritva Virkola, Benita Westerlund-Wikström

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC research notes, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact, top 93% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Immune escape ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025
    Review
  3. Frontiers in microbiology · 2021
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Riikka KylväjäGeneral Microbiology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 56, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Tuomas OjalehtoGeneral Microbiology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 56, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Veera KainulainenGeneral Microbiology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 56, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Ritva VirkolaGeneral Microbiology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 56, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Benita Westerlund-WikströmGeneral Microbiology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P.O.Box 56, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. benita.westerlund@helsinki.fi.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5307-3858
University of Helsinki · FI

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundStaphylococcus aureus is a versatile pathogen expressing a number of virulence-associated adhesive molecules. In a previous study, we generated in a secretion-competent Escherichia coli strain a library of random FLAG-tag positive (FTP) polypeptides of S. aureus. To identify adhesive proteins and gain additional knowledge on putative virulence factors of S. aureus, we here screened the FTP library against human serum proteins.

findingsStaphylococcus aureus NCTC 8325-4, origin of the FTP library, adhered to immobilized plasminogen in vitro. In an enzyme-linked immunoassay a C-terminal part of penicillin binding protein 3 (PBP3), included in the FTP library, bound to immobilized plasminogen. We expressed and purified full-length PBP3 and its C-terminal fragments as recombinant proteins. In a time-resolved fluorometry-based assay the PBP3 polypeptides bound to immobilized plasminogen. The polypeptides enhanced formation of plasmin from plasminogen as analyzed by cleavage of a chromogenic plasmin substrate.

conclusionsThe present findings, although preliminary, demonstrate reliably that S. aureus NCTC 8325-4 adheres to immobilized plasminogen in vitro and that the adhesion may be mediated by a C-terminal fragment of the PBP3 protein. The full length PBP3 and the penicillin binding C-terminal domain of PBP3 expressed as recombinant proteins bound plasminogen and activated plasminogen to plasmin. These phenomena were inhibited by the lysine analogue ε-aminocaproic acid suggesting that the binding is mediated by lysine residues. A detailed molecular description of surface molecules enhancing the virulence of S. aureus will aid in understanding of its pathogenicity and help in design of antibacterial drugs in the future.

Indexed as

Bacterial ProteinsFibrinolysinHumansImmobilized ProteinsPenicillin-Binding ProteinsPlasminogenProtein BindingRecombinant ProteinsSolubilityStaphylococcus aureusBacterial ProteinsFibrinolysinImmobilized ProteinsPenicillin-Binding ProteinsPlasminogenRecombinant ProteinsAdhesionPenicillin binding proteinPlasminPlasminogenStaphylococcus aureus

Identifiers

PMID27488131
PMCPMC4972960
OpenAlexW2487347084

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.