ArticleShock (Augusta, Ga.)2017
Retinoic Acid Improves Incidence and Severity of Necrotizing Enterocolitis by Lymphocyte Balance Restitution and Repopulation of LGR5+ Intestinal Stem Cells.
Article in Shock (Augusta, Ga.), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Enteral Feeding Interventions in the Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Systematic Review of Experimental and Clinical Studies.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Blockade of NKp46⁻ CCR6⁻ ILC3 autophagy protects against necrotizing enterocolitis by restoring energy metabolism balance in mice.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Dysregulated immunometabolism in gut inflammation.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2026Review
- Vitamins as modulators of neonatal intestinal injury.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- Molecular and Chromatin Accessibility Programs Underlying Epithelial Injury and Impaired Regeneration in Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis.Cellular and molecular gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Article
- Spatial Proteomics Reveals Alcohol-Induced Damages to the Crypts and Villi of the Mouse Small Intestine.Journal of proteome research · 2024Article
- Retinoic acid alleviates rotavirus-induced intestinal damage by regulating redox homeostasis and autophagic flux in piglets.Animal nutrition (Zhongguo xu mu shou yi xue hui) · 2024Article
- Immunological aspects of necrotizing enterocolitis models: a review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Human milk oligosaccharides reduce necrotizing enterocolitis-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment in mice.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2023Article
- Retinoic Acid-Induced Regulation of Inflammatory Pathways Is a Potential Sepsis Treatment.Infection and immunity · 2023Article
- Epigenetic Immune Cell Counting to Analyze Potential Biomarkers in Preterm Infants: A Proof of Principle in Necrotizing Enterocolitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Effects of Immune Cells on Intestinal Stem Cells: Prospects for Therapeutic Targets.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2022Review
- Regulatory T Cells in Development and Prediction of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Neonates: A Scoping Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Stem cell therapy as a promising strategy in necrotizing enterocolitis.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2022Review
- Necrotizing enterocolitis: Bench to bedside approaches and advancing our understanding of disease pathogenesis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Review
- Stem cells and exosomes: promising candidates for necrotizing enterocolitis therapy.Stem cell research & therapy · 2021Review
- Human placental-derived stem cell therapy ameliorates experimental necrotizing enterocolitis.American journal of physiology. Gastrointestinal and liver physiology · 2021Article
- Intestinal Regulatory T Cells.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Article
- Activation of Wnt signaling by amniotic fluid stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles attenuates intestinal injury in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis.Cell death & disease · 2020Article
- Prolyl hydroxylase 2 silencing enhances the paracrine effects of mesenchymal stem cells on necrotizing enterocolitis in an NF-κB-dependent mechanism.Cell death & disease · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most devastating gastrointestinal disease of the premature infant. We have recently shown that NEC development occurs after an increase in proinflammatory CD4Th17 (Th17) cells and reduced anti-inflammatory forkhead box P3 regulatory T cells (Tregs) to the premature small intestine of mice and humans, which can be experimentally reversed in mice by administration of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA). We have also shown that NEC is characterized by apoptosis of Lgr5-positive intestinal stem cells (ISCs-Lgr5 cells) within the crypts of Lieberkühn, which are subsequently essential for intestinal homeostasis. We now hypothesize that the normal lymphocyte balance within the lamina propria of the intestine can be achieved via administration of ATRA which restores mucosal integrity by preventing the loss of ISCs. Using both in vivo and in vitro strategies, we now demonstrate that Th17 recruitment and Treg depletion lead to increased apoptosis within ISC niches, significantly impairing proliferative capacity and mucosal healing. ATRA exerted its protective effects by preventing T cell imbalance, ultimately leading to the protection of the ISC pool preventing the development of NEC in mice. These findings raise the exciting possibility that dietary manipulations could prevent and treat NEC by modulating lymphocyte balance and the ISC pool within the newborn small intestine.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.