ArticleOncotarget2016
Epigenetic reprogramming and aberrant expression of PRAME are associated with increased metastatic risk in Class 1 and Class 2 uveal melanomas.
Article in Oncotarget, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 122 citations in OpenAlex.
- Preferentially Expressed Antigen in Melanoma (PRAME) and Human Malignant Melanoma: A Retrospective Study.Genes · 2022Pooled it
- Clinicopathological and Prognostic Significance of PRAME Overexpression in Human Cancer: A Meta-Analysis.BioMed research international · 2020Pooled it
- Evolution of the tumor immune landscape during treatment with tebentafusp, a T cell receptor-CD3 bispecific.Cell reports. Medicine · 2025Trial
- Gene therapy for uveal melanoma.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Review
- Recent advances in the molecular genetic mechanisms and immune microenvironment of uveal melanoma.Melanoma research · 2026Review
- DNA hypomethylation-activated PRAME drives early-stage lung adenocarcinoma recurrence via ZNF740 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Article
- Modeled Aqueous Humor Protein Concentrations to Enable Biomarker Development in Uveal Melanoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Early genetic evolution of driver mutations in uveal melanoma.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Rewriting the Fate of Cancer: Epigenetic and Epitranscriptomic Regulators in the Metastatic Cascade.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- The Small Choroidal Melanoma: Diagnosis, Treatment Outcomes, and Unending Controversy.Seminars in ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Therapeutic Opportunities in Melanoma Through PRAME Expression.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- State-of-the-art in Metastatic Uveal Melanoma Treatment: A 2025 Update : How to treat Metastatic Uveal Melanoma in 2025.Current oncology reports · 2025Review
- Genetic landscape of uveal melanoma in Southeast Asia: high 1q gains and unique patterns of metastasis risk.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2025Article
- The Association between Gene Expression Profiling and Regression Rate of Posterior Uveal Melanoma following Proton Beam Irradiation.Ocular oncology and pathology · 2025Article
- Multicentre analysis of nucleic acid quantification using aqueous humour liquid biopsy in uveal melanoma: implications for clinical testing.Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie · 2025Article
- Review
- Review
- Expression of Immunotherapy Target PRAME in Cancer Correlates with Histone H3 Acetylation and Is Unrelated to Expression of Methylating (DMNT3A/3B) and Demethylating (TET1) Enzymes.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- From Molecular Biology to Novel Immunotherapies and Nanomedicine in Uveal Melanoma.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Review
- PRAME induces genomic instability in uveal melanoma.Oncogene · 2024Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe previously identified PRAME as a biomarker for metastatic risk in Class 1 uveal melanomas. In this study, we sought to define a threshold value for positive PRAME expression (PRAME+) in a large dataset, identify factors associated with PRAME expression, evaluate the prognostic value of PRAME in Class 2 uveal melanomas, and determine whether PRAME expression is associated with aberrant hypomethylation of the PRAME promoter.
resultsAmong 678 samples analyzed by qPCR, 498 (73.5%) were PRAME- and 180 (26.5%) were PRAME+. Class 1 tumors were more likely to be PRAME-, whereas Class 2 tumors were more likely to be PRAME+ (P < 0.0001). PRAME expression was associated with shorter time to metastasis and melanoma specific mortality in Class 2 tumors (P = 0.01 and P = 0.02, respectively). In Class 1 tumors, PRAME expression was directly associated with SF3B1 mutations (P < 0.0001) and inversely associated with EIF1AX mutations (P = 0.004). PRAME expression was strongly associated with hypomethylation at 12 CpG sites near the PRAME promoter. MATERIALS AND
methodsAnalyses included PRAME mRNA expression, Class 1 versus Class 2 status, chromosomal copy number, mutation status of BAP1, EIF1AX, GNA11, GNAQ and SF3B1, and genomic DNA methylation status. Analyses were performed on 555 de-identified samples from Castle Biosciences, 123 samples from our center, and 80 samples from the TCGA.
conclusionsPRAME is aberrantly hypomethylated and activated in Class 1 and Class 2 uveal melanomas and is associated with increased metastatic risk in both classes. Since PRAME has been successfully targeted for immunotherapy, it may prove to be a companion prognostic biomarker.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.