SynthesisOncotarget2016
Association between dietary nitrate and nitrite intake and sitespecific cancer risk: evidence from observational studies.
Synthesis in Oncotarget, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors for gastric cancer: an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and cancer: new perspectives on an old relationship.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2023Pooled it
- Diet and Esophageal Cancer Risk: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Pooled it
- The role of diet in renal cell carcinoma incidence: an umbrella review of meta-analyses of observational studies.BMC medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Association between dietary intake and risk of ovarian cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Association between fish intake and glioma risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Journal of international medical research · 2020Pooled it
- The relationship between consumption of nitrite or nitrate and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.Scientific reports · 2020Pooled it
- Association Between Nitrite and Nitrate Intake and Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2019Pooled it
- Source-specific nitrate and nitrite intake and associations with gastric cancer in the Danish Diet, Cancer and Health Cohort.European journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Dietary Nitrate-Rich Vegetables as Natural Modulators of Health: Mechanisms and Benefits in Ageing Populations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Drinking water nitrate, disinfection byproducts, and prostate cancer incidence in the Agricultural Health Study.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2026Article
- NO: a key player in microbiome dynamics and cancer pathogenesis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Pancreatic Cancer: An Analysis of the Blood Biomarker,Nutrients · 2024Article
- Oral squamous cell carcinomas: state of the field and emerging directions.International journal of oral science · 2023Review
- Review
- Review
- Multitarget preservation technologies for chemical-free sustainable meat processing.Journal of food science · 2022Review
- Dietary Inorganic Nitrate as an Ergogenic Aid: An Expert Consensus Derived via the Modified Delphi Technique.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2022Article
- Inflammatory potential of the diet and association with risk of differentiated thyroid cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort.European journal of nutrition · 2022Article
- Ultra-processed foods and cancer risk: from global food systems to individual exposures and mechanisms.British journal of cancer · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have reported inconsistent findings on the association between dietary nitrate and nitrite intake and cancer risk. We performed a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies to summarize available evidence on the association between dietary nitrate and nitrite intake and cancer risk from published prospective and case-control studies. PubMed database was searched to identify eligible publications through April 30th, 2016. Study-specific relative risks (RRs) with corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) from individual studies were pooled by using random- or fixed- model, and heterogeneity and publication bias analyses were conducted. Data from 62 observational studies, 49 studies for nitrates and 51 studies for nitrites, including a total of 60,627 cancer cases were analyzed. Comparing the highest vs. lowest levels, dietary nitrate intake was inversely associated with gastric cancer risk (RR = 0.78; 95%CI = 0.67-0.91) with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 42.3%). In contrast, dietary nitrite intake was positively associated with adult glioma and thyroid cancer risk with pooled RR of 1.21 (95%CI = 1.03-1.42) and 1.52 (95%CI = 1.12-2.05), respectively. No significant associations were found between dietary nitrate/nitrite and cancers of the breast, bladder, colorectal, esophagus, renal cell, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, ovarian, and pancreas. The present meta-analysis provided modest evidence that positive associations of dietary nitrate and negative associations of dietary nitrite with certain cancers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.