ReviewSeminars in respiratory and critical care medicine2016
Parainfluenza Virus Infection.
Review in Seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 148 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
148 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 223 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global Epidemiology and Disease Burden of Human Parainfluenza Virus in Adults: A Systematic Review.Reviews in medical virology · 2026Pooled it
- Global burden of acute lower respiratory infection associated with human parainfluenza virus in children younger than 5 years for 2018: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Global health · 2021Pooled it
- Practical Guidance for Clinical Microbiology Laboratories: Viruses Causing Acute Respiratory Tract Infections.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2019Guideline
- Global status, bias risks, and ecological integration of wild bat and rodent virome research.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Target-Based Antiviral Drug Development Against Human Respiratory Viruses.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Molecular basis for protection and cross-protection by human antibodies targeting the parainfluenza virus hemagglutinin-neuraminidase protein.Journal of virology · 2026Article
- Triple IFN pathway deficiency sensitizes mice to human respiratory virus infection independent of human viral receptor expression.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Detectability of Pathogenic RNA Virus Families in Different Body Sites: A Scoping Review.Viruses · 2026Article
- Article
- Polymerase-inhibitor drug synergy and mutational signatures in different epithelial cell models of RSVA and hPIV3 infection.npj antimicrobials and resistance · 2026Article
- Small Molecule Inhibition of Mononegavirales RNA Polymerases.Journal of medical virology · 2026Review
- Whole-Genome Phylogenetic Characterization of Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 4 Circulating in St. Petersburg, Russia.Viruses · 2026Article
- Imaging of pediatric pulmonary infections: A pictorial review.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Review
- Differential Induction and Signaling of Type I and III Interferons During Infection of Human Nasal Epithelial Cells With the Four Human Parainfluenza Virus Types.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- Host factors in parainfluenza virus replication: from entry to innate immunity evasion.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Epidemiological characteristics of human parainfluenza virus infection in hospitalized children: a single-center study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Evaluation of a fully automatic nucleic acid amplification system for detecting four respiratory pathogens.Pediatric research · 2025Article
- Caprine parainfluenza virus 3 clinical, molecular detection, and phylogenetic tree analysis from goats of AL-Najaf, Iraq.Open veterinary journal · 2025Article
- The strategies and advances of mRNA translation booster.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2025Review
- Acute Respiratory Infections (ARIs): Current Etiological Perspectives and Advances in Viral Metagenomics-A Review.Viruses · 2025Review
88 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs) are single-stranded, enveloped RNA viruses of the Paramyoviridaie family. There are four serotypes which cause respiratory illnesses in children and adults. HPIVs bind and replicate in the ciliated epithelial cells of the upper and lower respiratory tract and the extent of the infection correlates with the location involved. Seasonal HPIV epidemics result in a significant burden of disease in children and account for 40% of pediatric hospitalizations for lower respiratory tract illnesses (LRTIs) and 75% of croup cases. Parainfluenza viruses are associated with a wide spectrum of illnesses which include otitis media, pharyngitis, conjunctivitis, croup, tracheobronchitis, and pneumonia. Uncommon respiratory manifestations include apnea, bradycardia, parotitis, and respiratory distress syndrome and rarely disseminated infection. Immunity resulting from disease in childhood is incomplete and reinfection with HPIV accounts for 15% of respiratory illnesses in adults. Severe disease and fatal pneumonia may occur in elderly and immunocompromised adults. HPIV pneumonia in recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is associated with 50% acute mortality and 75% mortality at 6 months. Though sensitive molecular diagnostics are available to rapidly diagnose HPIV infection, effective antiviral therapies are not available. Currently, treatment for HPIV infection is supportive with the exception of croup where the use of corticosteroids has been found to be beneficial. Several novel drugs including DAS181 appear promising in efforts to treat severe disease in immunocompromised patients, and vaccines to decrease the burden of disease in young children are in development.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.