ArticlePreventive medicine reports2016
Smokers' and e-cigarette users' perceptions of modified risk warnings for e-cigarettes.
Article in Preventive medicine reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sociodemographic differences in beliefs in harm reduction tobacco products as cigarette cessation aids among United States adults in 2024: Results from the health information National Trends Survey (HINTS) 7.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- Health warnings for electronic cigarette packaging: a rapid scoping review.BMC public health · 2026Article
- The Impact of Health Warnings in e-Cigarette Content on Instagram on Adults' e-Cigarette Cognitions: Online Between-Subjects Experiment Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2025Article
- A comprehensive content analysis of 104 Chinese electronic cigarette manufacturing enterprise official websites.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- Associations Between Noticing E-Cigarette Advertising Features and E-Cigarette Appeal and Switching Interest Among Young Adult Dual Users.Substance use & misuse · 2024Article
- Perceptions about levels of harmful chemicals in e-cigarettes relative to cigarettes, and associations with relative e-cigarette harm perceptions, e-cigarette use and interest.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2023Article
- Effects of Modified Tobacco Risk Products with Claims and Nicotine Features on Perceptions among Racial and Ethnic Groups.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Exploring the implications of modified risk claim placement in tobacco advertising.Preventive medicine reports · 2021Article
- Assessing comprehension and perceptions of modified-risk information for snus among adult current cigarette smokers, former tobacco users, and never tobacco users.Addictive behaviors reports · 2020Article
- 'The lesser devil you don't know': a qualitative study of smokers' responses to messages communicating comparative risk of electronic and combusted cigarettes.Tobacco control · 2020Article
- Effects of Electronic Cigarette Liquid Flavors and Modified Risk Messages on Perceptions and Subjective Effects of E-Cigarettes.Health education & behavior : the official publication of the Society for Public Health Education · 2019Article
- The Impact of E-Cigarette Warnings, Warning Themes and Inclusion of Relative Harm Statements on Young Adults' E-Cigarette Perceptions and Use Intentions.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Article
- E-Cigarette Marketing and Communication: How E-Cigarette Companies Market E-Cigarettes and the Public Engages with E-cigarette Information.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Review
- Beliefs about E-cigarettes: A Focus Group Study with College Students.American journal of health behavior · 2019Article
- Placing Health Warnings on E-Cigarettes: A Standardized Protocol.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Perceptions of Alternative Tobacco Products, Anti-tobacco Media, and Tobacco Regulation among Young Adults: A Qualitative Study.American journal of health behavior · 2018Article
- The Association between Potential Exposure to Magazine Ads with Voluntary Health Warnings and the Perceived Harmfulness of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2018Article
- Assessing the Impact of Conflicting Health Warning Information on Intentions to Use E-Cigarettes -An Application of the Heuristic-Systematic Model.Journal of health communication · 2018Article
- E-cigarettes Warning Labels and Modified Risk Statements: Tests of Messages to Reduce Recreational Use.Tobacco regulatory science · 2017Article
- Effect of Flavors and Modified Risk Messages on E-cigarette Abuse Liability.Tobacco regulatory science · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The 2009 Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act opened the possibility for tobacco companies to apply to market their products as having "modified" or reduced risks. However, research on how to communicate comparative tobacco risks and how such messages are interpreted is limited. This study aimed to qualitatively examine perceptions of potential modified risk statements presented as warning labels for e-cigarettes. We conducted six focus groups between 2014 and 2015 with 27 adult e-cigarette users and cigarette-only smokers who provided comments on two versions of a modified risk warning for e-cigarettes: 1) "WARNING: No tobacco product is safe, but this product presents substantially lower risks to health than cigarettes" (as proposed by two companies for their smokeless tobacco products) and 2) "WARNING: This product may be harmful to health, but is substantially less harmful than cigarettes" (an alternative developed by our team). Although most personally believed that e-cigarettes are safer than cigarettes and some thought the messages were true and accurate, many were skeptical and uncomfortable with the warnings because they did not "seem like a warning" and because use of the phrase "substantially lower risks" could be misleading and difficult to understand. Several thought the second warning was stronger (e.g., more active, more specific). Modified risk messages about e-cigarettes may impact perceptions and use of the product. More research is needed to identify the framing, wording and placement (e.g. within or in addition to a warning) that could potentially increase population-level benefits and minimize harms.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.