ReviewJournal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN2016
Mendelian Randomization as an Approach to Assess Causality Using Observational Data.
Review in Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06666647 (Ambulance and Helicopter Response Times in Danish Emergency Medical Services), which is not on this map. Cited by 1,371 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Ambulance and Helicopter Response Times in Danish Emergency Medical Services: Protocol for an Epidemiological Study. The AHRTEMIS Study
Who cites it
1,371 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Multiancestry and Multitrait GWAS Meta-Analysis on Schizophrenia With a Sample of 322,321 Unveils Genetic Links to Chronic Lung Diseases.Genes, brain, and behavior · 2026Pooled it
- Risk factors for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: an umbrella review of meta-analyses and mendelian randomization analyses.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Multi-Trait Genetic Insights Into Schizophrenia Across Ancestries: Genome-Wide Association Meta-Analyses, Machine Learning, and Drug Repurposing Study.Brain and behavior · 2026Pooled it
- The mediating effects of plasma proteome on the association between selenium and systemic lupus erythematosus.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Causal association between periodontitis and systemic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis of mendelian randomization studies.BMC oral health · 2026Pooled it
- Association between SGLT2 inhibitors and genital cancer: a meta-analysis and mendelian randomization study.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Pooled it
- Bibliometric analysis of neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging: research patterns, evolution, and frontier.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- From gut to brain: data-driven evidence suggests causal contribution of gut-microbiota to major depressive disorder in humans.Gut microbes · 2026Article
- Mitochondria-related pathogenic genes in acute and chronic kidney disease: a Mendelian randomization study.Renal failure · 2026Article
- The causal relationship between immune cells, white matter microstructure and dementia: a Mendelian randomization study and co-localization analysis.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Causal association between sleep disorders and nephrolithiasis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.International urology and nephrology · 2026Article
- Association Between Sleep Disorders and Breast Cancer: An Analysis Based on NHANES and Mendelian Randomization.World journal of oncology · 2026Article
- How gut microbiome and blood metabolites drive ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine: a genome-wide association study based on the East Asian population.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Association between hypertension and frozen shoulder: A bidirectional two-sample mendelian randomization study.Medicine · 2026Article
- Multi-omics Insights into Oxidative Stress-related Genes and Neurodegenerative Diseases: From Epigenetic Regulation to Pathogenic Pathways.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2026Article
- Article
- Cerebrospinal Fluid Metabolites Mediate Immune Cell Effects on Chronic Pain.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Genetic interconnections between personality-related phenotypes and psychiatric disorders.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Using human proteomic and lipidomic to exploration drug target of bladder cancer.World journal of urology · 2026Article
1,311 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mendelian randomization refers to an analytic approach to assess the causality of an observed association between a modifiable exposure or risk factor and a clinically relevant outcome. It presents a valuable tool, especially when randomized controlled trials to examine causality are not feasible and observational studies provide biased associations because of confounding or reverse causality. These issues are addressed by using genetic variants as instrumental variables for the tested exposure: the alleles of this exposure-associated genetic variant are randomly allocated and not subject to reverse causation. This, together with the wide availability of published genetic associations to screen for suitable genetic instrumental variables make Mendelian randomization a time- and cost-efficient approach and contribute to its increasing popularity for assessing and screening for potentially causal associations. An observed association between the genetic instrumental variable and the outcome supports the hypothesis that the exposure in question is causally related to the outcome. This review provides an overview of the Mendelian randomization method, addresses assumptions and implications, and includes illustrative examples. We also discuss special issues in nephrology, such as inverse risk factor associations in advanced disease, and outline opportunities to design Mendelian randomization studies around kidney function and disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.