ArticleEmerging microbes & infections2016
Prevalence of influenza A virus in live-captured North Atlantic gray seals: a possible wild reservoir.
Article in Emerging microbes & infections, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impacts of PCBs on grey seal pup immunity and influenza A infection vary across biological scales.Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Francisella tularensis Subspecies holarctica in Stranded Beluga Whales, Cook Inlet, Alaska, USA.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The global H5N1 influenza panzootic in mammals.Nature · 2025Review
- In Silico Genomic Analysis of Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated From Marine Seal Colonies.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Multiple transatlantic incursions of highly pathogenic avian influenza clade 2.3.4.4b A(H5N5) virus into North America and spillover to mammals.Cell reports · 2024Article
- Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus in a common bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in Florida.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Pinnipeds and avian influenza: a global timeline and review of research on the impact of highly pathogenic avian influenza on pinniped populations with particular reference to the endangered Caspian seal (Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- A Review of Circumpolar Arctic Marine Mammal Health-A Call to Action in a Time of Rapid Environmental Change.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N1) Virus Outbreak in New England Seals, United States.Emerging infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Screening for Influenza and Morbillivirus in Seals and Porpoises in the Baltic and North Sea.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Article
- Sequence Diversity and Differences at the Highly Duplicated MHC-I Gene Reflect Viral Susceptibility in Sympatric Pinniped Species.The Journal of heredity · 2022Article
- Ecological divergence of wild birds drives avian influenza spillover and global spread.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Longitudinal analysis of pinnipeds in the northwest Atlantic provides insights on endemic circulation of phocine distemper virus.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2021Article
- Respiratory Tract Explant Infection Dynamics of Influenza A Virus in California Sea Lions, Northern Elephant Seals, and Rhesus Macaques.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- The Role of Bcl-xL Protein in Viral Infections.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Rates of increase in gray seal (Journal of mammalogy · 2020Article
- Detection of H3N8 influenza A virus with multiple mammalian-adaptive mutations in a rescued Grey seal (Virus evolution · 2020Article
- Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5N8) Virus in Gray Seals, Baltic Sea.Emerging infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Onward transmission of viruses: how do viruses emerge to cause epidemics after spillover?Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) has been associated with multiple unusual mortality events (UMEs) in North Atlantic pinnipeds, frequently attributed to spillover of virus from wild-bird reservoirs. To determine if endemic infection persists outside of UMEs, we undertook a multiyear investigation of IAV in healthy, live-captured Northwest Atlantic gray seals (Halichoerus grypus). From 2013 to 2015, we sampled 345 pups and 57 adults from Cape Cod, MA, USA and Nova Scotia, Canada consistently detecting IAV infection across all groups. There was an overall viral prevalence of 9.0% (95% confidence interval (CI): 6.4%-12.5%) in weaned pups and 5.3% (CI: 1.2%-14.6%) in adults, with seroprevalences of 19.3% (CI: 15.0%-24.5%) and 50% (CI: 33.7%-66.4%), respectively. Positive sera showed a broad reactivity to diverse influenza subtypes. IAV status did not correlate with measures of animal health nor impact animal movement or foraging. This study demonstrated that Northwest Atlantic gray seals are both permissive to and tolerant of diverse IAV, possibly representing an endemically infected wild reservoir population.
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