ArticleBrain, behavior, and immunity2016
β-Adrenergic-stimulated macrophages: Comprehensive localization in the M1-M2 spectrum.
Article in Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Neural modulation of ocular immunity: Exploring a sympathetic-macrophage neuroimmune link in the human ciliary body.Journal of anatomy · 2026Article
- The effects of physical exercise on inflammation-induced maladaptive neuroplasticity in post-traumatic headache.Neuroscience · 2026Review
- Relationship Between Gut Microbiota and Cancer Neuro-Immunity.Microbial biotechnology · 2026Review
- Neuro-Immune Crosstalk: Molecular Mechanisms, Biological Functions, Diseases, and Therapeutic Targets.MedComm · 2026Review
- Depression and shortened survival in patients with cancer: a neuroimmune framework for bidirectional pathogenesis and therapeutic interception.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Mechanistic basis for the antifibrotic actions of cAMP-based therapies.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- Adrb2 Expression in Ocular-Infiltrating Macrophages Is Necessary for Interleukin-6 Expression and Choroidal Neovascularization.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Exercise induces dynamic changes in intra-articular metabolism and inflammation associated with remodeling of the infrapatellar fat pad in mice.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Sex-specific effects of injury and beta-adrenergic activation on metabolic and inflammatory mediators in a murine model of post-traumatic osteoarthritis.Osteoarthritis and cartilage · 2024Article
- Inhibition of differentiation of monocyte-derived macrophages toward an M2-Like phenotype May Be a neglected mechanism of β-AR receptor blocker therapy for atherosclerosis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- The critical role of muscularis macrophages in modulating the enteric nervous system function and gastrointestinal motility.Journal of smooth muscle research = Nihon Heikatsukin Gakkai kikanshi · 2024Review
- Role of stress in the pathogenesis of cancer (Review).International journal of oncology · 2023Review
- β2-Adrenergic Receptor Mediated Inhibition of T Cell Function and Its Implications for CAR-T Cell Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Immunotherapy during the Immediate Perioperative Period: A Promising Approach against Metastatic Disease.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2023Review
- Heme: The Lord of the Iron Ring.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Norepinephrine as the Intrinsic Contributor to Contact Lens-Induced Pseudomonas aeruginosa Keratitis.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2023Article
- Hepatic Innervations and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.Seminars in liver disease · 2023Review
- Article
- Nerves in gastrointestinal cancer: from mechanism to modulations.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
β-Adrenergic signaling can regulate macrophage involvement in several diseases and often produces anti-inflammatory properties in macrophages, which are similar to M2 properties in a dichotomous M1 vs. M2 macrophage taxonomy. However, it is not clear that β-adrenergic-stimulated macrophages may be classified strictly as M2. In this in vitro study, we utilized recently published criteria and transcriptome-wide bioinformatics methods to map the relative polarity of murine β-adrenergic-stimulated macrophages within a wider M1-M2 spectrum. Results show that β-adrenergic-stimulated macrophages did not fit entirely into any one pre-defined category of the M1-M2 spectrum but did express genes that are representative of some M2 side categories. Moreover, transcript origin analysis of genome-wide transcriptional profiles located β-adrenergic-stimulated macrophages firmly on the M2 side of the M1-M2 spectrum and found active suppression of M1 side gene transcripts. The signal transduction pathways involved were mapped through blocking experiments and bioinformatics analysis of transcription factor binding motifs. M2-promoting effects were mediated specifically through β2-adrenergic receptors and were associated with CREB, C/EBPβ, and ATF transcription factor pathways but not with established M1-M2 STAT pathways. Thus, β-adrenergic-signaling induces a macrophage transcriptome that locates on the M2 side of the M1-M2 spectrum but likely accomplishes this effect through a signaling pathway that is atypical for M2-spectrum macrophages.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.