SynthesisNutrients2016
Probiotics and Time to Achieve Full Enteral Feeding in Human Milk-Fed and Formula-Fed Preterm Infants: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Nutrients, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review of the Effect of Enteral Feeding on Gut Microbiota in Preterm Infants.Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN · 2018Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Probiotic supplementation in preterm infants does not affect the risk of retinopathy of prematurity: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Scientific reports · 2017Pooled it
- Probiotics Prevent Late-Onset Sepsis in Human Milk-Fed, Very Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2017Pooled it
- Progression of Enteral Feeding Volumes in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants in the "Connection Trial".American journal of perinatology · 2024Trial
- A Review of Probiotic Interventions for Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Sepsis in Preterm Infants.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Review
- Review
- Use of a Liquid Supplement Containing 2 Human Milk Oligosaccharides: The First Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Trial in Pre-term Infants.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2022Article
- Association between probiotics and bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Clinical Outcomes of Single vs. Two-Strain Probiotic Prophylaxis for Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2021Article
- [A review on the characteristics of microbiome and their association with diseases in preterm infants].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2020Review
- Understanding the Elements of Maternal Protection from Systemic Bacterial Infections during Early Life.Nutrients · 2020Review
- Observational
- Recent advances in understanding necrotizing enterocolitis.F1000Research · 2019Review
- Inherited nongenetic influences on the gut microbiome and immune system.Birth defects research · 2018Review
- Filling the Gaps: Current Research Directions for a Rational Use of Probiotics in Preterm Infants.Nutrients · 2018Review
- The Microbiota of the Extremely Preterm Infant.Clinics in perinatology · 2017Review
- Ethical Challenges in Infant Feeding Research.Nutrients · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Probiotics have been linked to a reduction in the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis and late-onset sepsis in preterm infants. Recently, probiotics have also proved to reduce time to achieve full enteral feeding (FEF). However, the relationship between FEF achievement and type of feeding in infants treated with probiotics has not been explored yet. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effect of probiotics in reducing time to achieve FEF in preterm infants, according to type of feeding (exclusive human milk (HM) vs. formula). Randomized-controlled trials involving preterm infants receiving probiotics, and reporting on time to reach FEF were included in the systematic review. Trials reporting on outcome according to type of feeding (exclusive HM vs. formula) were included in the meta-analysis. Fixed-effect or random-effects models were used as appropriate. Results were expressed as mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Twenty-five studies were included in the systematic review. In the five studies recruiting exclusively HM-fed preterm infants, those treated with probiotics reached FEF approximately 3 days before controls (MD -3.15 days (95% CI -5.25/-1.05), p = 0.003). None of the two studies reporting on exclusively formula-fed infants showed any difference between infants receiving probiotics and controls in terms of FEF achievement. The limited number of included studies did not allow testing for other subgroup differences between HM and formula-fed infants. However, if confirmed in further studies, the 3-days reduction in time to achieve FEF in exclusively HM-fed preterm infants might have significant implications for their clinical management.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.