ArticleNutrients2016
Protein-Pacing Caloric-Restriction Enhances Body Composition Similarly in Obese Men and Women during Weight Loss and Sustains Efficacy during Long-Term Weight Maintenance.
Article in Nutrients, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparison of Protein Pacing, Intermittent Fast vs. Heart Healthy Diet on Body Weight and Composition, Cardiometabolic, Mood, and Gut Microbiome Health, in Overweight Men and Women During Weight Loss; 24 Months Follow-up Case Study of 100 Pound Weight Loss in a Male Study Participant
Effects of Daily Protein Supplementation for 8 Weeks on Improved Glucose, Insulin, and HbA1c Levels in Pre-Diabetics or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 41 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Effects of Time-Restricted Eating With Calorie Restriction Versus Calorie Restriction on Health Outcomes in Patients With Weight Regain Post-Sleeve Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Obesity surgery · 2026Trial
- Gut microbiome remodeling and metabolomic profile improves in response to protein pacing with intermittent fasting versus continuous caloric restriction.Nature communications · 2024Trial
- Intermittent fasting two days versus one day per week, matched for total energy intake and expenditure, increases weight loss in overweight/obese men and women.Nutrition journal · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Serum Polychlorinated Biphenyls Increase and Oxidative Stress Decreases with a Protein-Pacing Caloric Restriction Diet in Obese Men and Women.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Trial
- International Society of Sports Nutrition position stand: diets for body weight reduction.Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · 2026Review
- Associations of higher protein intake with diet quality and diabetes-related metabolic health indicators in Korean adults without diabetes: analysis of Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2019-2021.Nutrition research and practice · 2026Article
- The effect of a sustainable diet and time-restricted eating and probiotic in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction patients: study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled trial.Nutrition journal · 2025Article
- Comparison of the impact of intermittent fasting diet alone or in conjunction with probiotic supplementation versus calorie-restricted diet on inflammatory, oxidative stress, and antioxidant capacity biomarkers in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A randomized placebo-controlled trial.Journal of research in medical sciences : the official journal of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences · 2025Article
- Plant-Based Dietary Protein Is Associated with Lower Metabolic Syndrome Risk in Division III Female Athletes: A Pilot Study.Nutrients · 2024Article
- Article
- Intermittent fasting and protein pacing are superior to caloric restriction for weight and visceral fat loss.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2023Article
- Evidence and consensus-based clinical practice guidelines for management of overweight and obesity in midlife women: An AIIMS-DST initiative.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2022Review
- Exercise, Diet and Sleeping as Regenerative Medicine Adjuvants: Obesity and Ageing as Illustrations.Medicines (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Is Intermittent Fasting Better Than Continuous Energy Restriction for Adults with Overweight and Obesity?Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2022Review
- Exploratory analysis of one versus two-day intermittent fasting protocols on the gut microbiome and plasma metabolome in adults with overweight/obesity.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Short-Term protein-pacing (P; ~6 meals/day, >30% protein/day) and caloric restriction (CR, ~25% energy deficit) improves total (TBF), abdominal (ABF) and visceral (VAT) fat loss, energy expenditure, and biomarkers compared to heart healthy (HH) recommendations (3 meals/day, 15% protein/day) in obese adults. Less is known whether obese men and women respond similarly to P-CR during weight loss (WL) and whether a modified P-CR (mP-CR) is more efficacious than a HH diet during long-term (52 week) weight maintenance (WM). The purposes of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of: (1) P-CR on TBF, ABF, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and biomarkers between obese men and women during WL (weeks 0-12); and (2) mP-CR compared to a HH diet during WM (weeks 13-64). During WL, men (n = 21) and women (n = 19) were assessed for TBF, ABF, VAT, RMR, and biomarkers at weeks 0 (pre) and 12 (post). Men and women had similar reductions (p < 0.01) in weight (10%), TBF (19%), ABF (25%), VAT (33%), glucose (7%-12%), insulin (40%), leptin (>50%) and increase in % lean body mass (9%). RMR (kcals/kg bodyweight) was unchanged and respiratory quotient decreased 9%. Twenty-four subjects (mP-CR, n = 10; HH, n = 14) completed WM. mP-CR regained significantly less body weight (6%), TBF (12%), and ABF (17%) compared to HH (p < 0.05). Our results demonstrate P-CR enhances weight loss, body composition and biomarkers, and maintains these changes for 52-weeks compared to a traditional HH diet.
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.