Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27480762›Full record

SynthesisSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2017

Practical Cooling Strategies During Continuous Exercise in Hot Environments: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Alan Ruddock, Brent Robbins, Garry Tew, Liam Bourke, Alison Purvis

Open access · hybridAbstract readMeta-AnalysisSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed, 6 pooled it
3.3field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 54 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Alan RuddockCentre for Sport and Exercise Science, Sheffield Hallam University, A016 Collegiate Hall, Sheffield, S10 2BP, UK. a.ruddock@shu.ac.uk.
Brent RobbinsCentre for Sport and Exercise Science, Sheffield Hallam University, A016 Collegiate Hall, Sheffield, S10 2BP, UK.
Garry TewDepartment of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Room 244 Northumberland Building, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
Liam BourkeCentre for Sport and Exercise Science, Sheffield Hallam University, A121 Collegiate Hall, Sheffield, S10 2BP, UK.
Alison PurvisFaculty of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University, F616 Robert Winston Building, Sheffield, S10 2BP, UK.
Sheffield Hallam University · GBNorthumbria University · GB

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPerforming exercise in thermally stressful environments impairs exercise capacity and performance. Cooling during exercise has the potential to attenuate detrimental increases in body temperature and improve exercise capacity and performance.

objectiveThe objective of this review was to assess the effectiveness of practical cooling strategies applied during continuous exercise in hot environments on body temperature, heart rate, whole body sweat production, rating of perceived exertion (RPE), thermal perception and exercise performance.

methodsElectronic database searches of MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus, Scopus and Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) were conducted using medical subject headings, indexing terms and keywords. Studies were eligible if participants were defined as 'healthy', the exercise task was conducted in an environment ≥25 °C, it used a cooling strategy that would be practical for athletes to use during competition, cooling was applied during a self-paced or fixed-intensity trial, participants exercised continuously, and the study was a randomised controlled trial with the comparator either a thermoneutral equivalent or no cooling. Data for experimental and comparator groups were meta-analysed and expressed as a standardised mean difference and 95 % confidence interval.

resultsFourteen studies including 135 participants met the eligibility criteria. Confidence intervals for meta-analysed data included beneficial and detrimental effects for cooling during exercise on core temperature, mean skin temperature, heart rate and sweat production during fixed-intensity exercise. Cooling benefited RPE and thermal perception during fixed-intensity exercise and improved self-paced exercise performance.

conclusionCooling during fixed-intensity exercise, particularly before a self-paced exercise trial, improves endurance performance in hot environments by benefiting RPE and thermal perception, but does not appear to attenuate increases in body temperature.

Indexed as

Body TemperatureSkin TemperatureAthletic PerformanceBody Temperature RegulationCold TemperatureExerciseHot TemperatureHumans

Identifiers

PMID27480762
PMCPMC5309298
OpenAlexW2506620676

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.