SynthesisHealth services research2017
Medicare Part D's Effects on Drug Utilization and Out-of-Pocket Costs: A Systematic Review.
Synthesis in Health services research, 2017. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- A systematic umbrella review of the association of prescription drug insurance and cost-sharing with drug use, health services use, and health.BMC health services research · 2022Pooled it
- Loss of Subsidized Drug Coverage and Mortality among Medicare Beneficiaries.The New England journal of medicine · 2025Article
- Comparison of Financial Hardship and Healthcare Utilizations Associated with Cancer in the United States Medicare Programs during the COVID-19 Pandemic.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Healthcare Cost Burden and Self-Reported Frequency of Depressive/Anxious Feelings in Older Adults.Journal of gerontological social work · 2024Article
- Do High-Deductible Health Plans Incentivize Changing the Timing of Substance Use Disorder Treatment?Medical care research and review : MCRR · 2023Article
- Unintended Consequences of Increased Out-of-Pocket Costs During Medicare Coverage Gap on Anticoagulant Discontinuation and Stroke.Advances in therapy · 2023Article
- The impact of government reimbursement negotiation on targeted anticancer medicines use and cost in China: A cohort study based on national health insurance data.Journal of global health · 2023Article
- Consumption and cost trends of EGFR TKIs: influences of reimbursement and national price negotiation.BMC health services research · 2022Article
- Five-year impact of Medicare Part D coverage gap reform on drug expenditures and utilization.Health services research · 2022Article
- Trends in anti-HER2 drugs consumption and influencing factors.Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
- Compact for care: how the Affordable Care Act marketplaces fell short for a vulnerable population in Hawaii.BMJ global health · 2021Review
- High Out-of-pocket Health Care Cost Burden Among Medicare Beneficiaries With Diabetes, 1999-2017.Diabetes care · 2021Article
- Cost-Related Medication Nonadherence (CRN) on Healthcare Utilization and Patient-Reported Outcomes: Considerations in Managing Medicare Beneficiaries on Antidepressants.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Decreased Antihyperglycemic Drug Use Driven by High Out-of-Pocket Costs Despite Medicare Coverage Gap Closure.Diabetes care · 2020Article
- Assessment of Expected Out-of-Pocket Spending for Rheumatoid Arthritis Biologics Among Patients Enrolled in Medicare Part D, 2010-2019.JAMA network open · 2020Article
- A Descriptive Study of HIV Patients Highly Adherent to Antiretroviral.AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium · 2020Article
- The impact of Medicare part D prescription drug benefit program on generic drug prescription: A study in long-term care facilities.Medicine · 2019Observational
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo update a past systematic review on whether Medicare Part D changed drug utilization and out-of-pocket (OOP) costs overall and within subpopulations, and to identify evidence gaps. DATA SOURCES/STUDY
settingPublished and gray literature from 2010 to 2015 meeting prespecified screening criteria, including having a comparison group, and utilization or OOP cost outcomes. STUDY
designWe conducted a systematic literature review with a quality assessment. DATA COLLECTION/EXTRACTION
methodsFor each study, we extracted information on study design, data sources, analytic methods, outcomes, and limitations. Because outcome measures vary across studies, we did a qualitative synthesis rather than meta-analysis. PRINCIPAL
findingsSixty-five studies met screening criteria. Overall, Medicare Part D enrollees have increased drug utilization and decreased OOP costs, but coverage gaps limit the program's impact. Beneficiaries whose insurance becomes more generous after enrollment had disproportionately increased drug utilization and decreased OOP costs. Outcomes among dual-eligibles were mixed.
conclusionsThere is strong evidence on how Medicare Part D and the donut hole coverage gap affect utilization and OOP costs, but weak evidence on how effects vary among dual-eligibles or across diseases. Findings suggest that the Affordable Care Act's provisions to expand coverage and reduce the donut hole should improve patient outcomes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.