ArticleAdvanced pharmaceutical bulletin2016
The Effect of Spacer Morphology on the Aerosolization Performance of Metered-Dose Inhalers.
Article in Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.
- Formulation and In-Vitro Testing of Nebulized Camostat Mesylate Loaded Nanoliposomes for the Treatment of SARS-CoV- 2 Infection.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Article
- Assessment of Emergency Spacers Versus Traditional Spacers, An In-Vitro Model for Aerosol Delivery.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2025Article
- Association of Corticosteroid Inhaler Type with Saliva Microbiome in Moderate-to-Severe Pediatric Asthma.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- The effect of different coating materials on the prevention of powder bounce in the next generation impactor.Research in pharmaceutical sciences · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeRespiratory drug delivery has been attracted great interest for the past decades, because of the high incidence of pulmonary diseases. However, despite its invaluable benefits, there are some major drawbacks in respiratory drug delivery, mainly due to the relatively high drug deposition in undesirable regions. One way to improve the efficiency of respiratory drug delivery through metered-dose inhalers (MDI) is placing a respiratory spacer between the inhaler exit and the mouth. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of type and shape of spacer on the aerosolization performance of MDIs.
methodsA commercial Beclomethasone Dipropionate (BDP) MDI alone or equipped with two different spacer devices (roller and pear type) widely distributed in the world pharmaceutical market was used. The effect of spacers was evaluated by calculating aerosolization indexes such as fine particle fraction (FPF), mass median aerodynamic diameters (MMAD) and geometric standard deviation (GSD) using the next generation impactor.
resultsAlthough one of the spacers resulted in superior outcomes than the other one, but it was not statistically significant.
conclusionThe results confirmed that the type and shape of spacer did not substantially influence the aerosolization performance of MDIs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.