ArticleClinical kidney journal2016
The utility and accuracy of four equations in predicting sodium levels in dysnatremic patients.
Article in Clinical kidney journal, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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22 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk of Suboptimal Serum Sodium Correction According to Etiology in Severe Hyponatremia.JMA journal · 2026Article
- Effect of the sodium glucose transporter-2 inhibitor dapagliflozin on urine and blood biomarkers in dogs with heart disease.Journal of veterinary internal medicine · 2026Article
- Hyponatraemia in ageing.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Appropriate Correction of Hyponatremia in a Patient With Psychogenic Polydipsia: A Case Report.Cureus · 2025Article
- Correction of profound hyponatraemia following rapid bolus therapy: effectiveness of the Barsoum-Levine formula based on the Edelman equation.Clinical kidney journal · 2025Article
- Osmotic demyelination syndrome: revisiting the diagnostic criteria through two fatal cases.BMC neurology · 2024Article
- Hyponatremia Demystified: Integrating Physiology to Shape Clinical Practice.Advances in kidney disease and health · 2023Review
- Clinical Approach to Euvolemic Hyponatremia.Cureus · 2023Review
- Hypertonic Saline for Hyponatremia: Meeting Goals and Avoiding Harm.American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation · 2022Article
- Hyponatraemia and hypernatraemia: Disorders of Water Balance in Neurosurgery.Neurosurgical review · 2021Review
- Article
- Edelman Revisited: Concepts, Achievements, and Challenges.Frontiers in medicine · 2021Review
- A quantitative approach to intravenous fluid therapy in the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion.Clinical and experimental nephrology · 2019Article
- Misconceptions and Barriers to the Use of Hypertonic Saline to Treat Hyponatremic Encephalopathy.Frontiers in medicine · 2019Review
- SIADH with Severe Hyponatremia in an Elderly Man with Herpes Zoster Infection: A Causal or Casual Association?Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2018Article
- Approach to hyponatremia according to the clinical setting: Consensus statement from the Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE), Italian Society of Nephrology (SIN), and Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM).Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2018Article
- Recommendations for active correction of hypernatremia in volume-resuscitated shock or sepsis patients should be taken with a grain of salt: A systematic review.SAGE open medicine · 2018Review
- Using Electrolyte Free Water Balance to Rationalize and Treat Dysnatremias.Frontiers in medicine · 2018Review
- Testing NaClinical kidney journal · 2017Article
- Formulas for fixing serum sodium: curb your enthusiasm.Clinical kidney journal · 2016Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundImproper correction of hyponatremia can cause severe complications, including osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS). The Adrogué-Madias equation (AM), the Barsoum-Levine (BL) equation, the Electrolyte Free Water Clearance (EFWC) equation and the Nguyen-Kurtz (NK) equation are four derived equations based on the empirically derived Edelman equation for predicting sodium at a later time (Na2) from a known starting sodium (Na1), fluid/electrolyte composition and input and output volumes.
methodsOur retrospective study included 43 data points from 31 mostly hyponatremic patients. We calculated Na2 based on five sets of rules that were progressively more precisely calculated. Sets A-D included all 31 patients and 43 data points and set E was based on 15 patients and 27 data points.
resultsThe root mean square error was calculated and found to be between 4.79 and 6.37 mmol/L (mEq/L) for all sets. Bland-Altman analysis showed high variability and discrepancies between the predicted and actual Na2.
conclusionsLike similar studies in hypernatremic patients, the data suggest that hyponatremic modeling equations are not reliably accurate in predicting Na2 from Na1 and available clinical data regarding sodium, potassium and fluid balance over longer time frames (12-30 h). Our study was retrospective and was done in an inpatient setting and thus was subject to limitations and laboratory measurement variability, but showed that all four equations are not able to reliably predict Na2 from Na1 and inputs across a 12-30 h period.
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