ArticleJournal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition2016
Interindividual variability in sweat electrolyte concentration in marathoners.
Article in Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of exercise training on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system: a meta-analysis.Journal of human hypertension · 2024Pooled it
- Advances and Challenges in Wearable Sensors for Health Monitoring.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2026Review
- Sweat evaporation in humans: A molecular and thermodynamic perspective.Experimental physiology · 2026Review
- Comparison of heat acclimation after once daily and thrice daily heat exposures in healthy adults.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- Wearable Sensors for Precise Exercise Monitoring and Analysis.Biosensors · 2025Review
- Hydration assessment and physical performance of mountain bike cyclists in competition in a hot environment.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- No hyponatremia despite continuous plasma sodium decline in female runners during a seven stage ultramarathon.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Nutritional Intake and Timing of Marathon Runners: Influence of Athlete's Characteristics and Fueling Practices on Finishing Time.Sports medicine - open · 2025Article
- Hydrogels of Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and Poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) Interpenetrating Polymer Networks as Dermal Delivery Systems for Dexamethasone.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Sodium and Human Health: What Can Be Done to Improve Sodium Balance beyond Food Processing?Nutrients · 2024Review
- Compositional Aspects of Beverages Designed to Promote Hydration Before, During, and After Exercise: Concepts Revisited.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Interpenetrating Polymer Networks of Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and Poly(N, N-dimethylacrylamide) as Potential Systems for Dermal Delivery of Dexamethasone Phosphate.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Coconut Water: A Sports Drink Alternative?Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- A "Two-Part" Resonance Circuit Based Detachable Sweat Patch for Noninvasive Biochemical and Biophysical Sensing.Advanced functional materials · 2023Article
- Explaining variation in sweat sodium concentration: effect of individual characteristics and exercise, environmental, and dietary factors.Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985) · 2022Article
- Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia in Marathon Runners.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Battery-free, tuning circuit-inspired wireless sensor systems for detection of multiple biomarkers in bodily fluids.Science advances · 2022Article
- Wearable Electronic Tongue for Non-Invasive Assessment of Human Sweat.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Hydration Status, Fluid Intake, Sweat Rate, and Sweat Sodium Concentration in Recreational Tropical Native Runners.Nutrients · 2021Observational
- New Insights on the Role of Sodium in the Physiological Regulation of Blood Pressure and Development of Hypertension.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundSodium (Na(+)) intake during exercise aims to replace the Na(+) lost by sweat to avoid electrolyte imbalances, especially in endurance disciplines. However, Na(+) needs can be very different among individuals because of the great inter-individual variability in sweat electrolyte concentration. The aim of this investigation was to determine sweat electrolyte concentration in a large group of marathoners.
methodsA total of 157 experienced runners (141 men and 16 women) completed a marathon race (24.4 ± 3.6 °C and 27.7 ± 4.8 % of humidity). During the race, sweat samples were collected by using sweat patches placed on the runners' forearms. Sweat electrolyte concentration was measured by using photoelectric flame photometry.
resultsAs a group, sweat Na(+) concentration was 42.9 ± 18.7 mmol·L(-1) (minimal-maximal value = 7.0-95.5 mmol·L(-1)), sweat Cl(-) concentration was 32.2 ± 15.6 mmol·L(-1) (7.3-90.6 mmol·L(-1)) and sweat K(+) concentration was 6.0 ± 0.9 mmol·L(-1) (3.1-8.0 mmol·L(-1)). Women presented lower sweat Na(+) (33.9 ± 12.1 vs 44.0 ± 19.1 mmol·L(-1); P = 0.04) and sweat Cl(-) concentrations (22.9 ± 10.5 vs 33.2 ± 15.8 mmol·L(-1); P = 0.01) than men. A 20 % of individuals presented a sweat Na(+) concentration higher than 60 mmol·L(-1) while this threshold was not surpassed by any female marathoner. Sweat electrolyte concentration did not correlate to sweat rate, age, body characteristics, experience or training. Although there was a significant correlation between sweat Na(+) concentration and running pace (r = 0.18; P = 0.03), this association was weak to interpret that sweat Na(+) concentration increased with running pace.
conclusionsThe inter-individual variability in sweat electrolyte concentration was not explained by any individual characteristics except for individual running pace and sex. An important portion (20 %) of marathoners might need special sodium intake recommendations due to their high sweat salt losses.
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