ArticleClinical medicine insights. Women's health2016
Visual Representation of Body Shape in African-American and European American Women: Clinical Considerations.
Article in Clinical medicine insights. Women's health, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Telomere shortening associates with elevated insulin and nuchal fat accumulation.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- Subjective Evaluation of Female Adult Body Fat Distribution: A Scoping Review.Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity · 2026Article
- Time-varying confounders in association between general and central obesity and coronary heart disease: Longitudinal targeted maximum likelihood estimation on atherosclerosis risk in communities study.Global epidemiology · 2025Article
- The association between reproductive history and abdominal adipose tissue among postmenopausal women: results from the Women's Health Initiative.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2024Article
- Longitudinal patterns of abdominal visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, total body composition, and anthropometric measures in postmenopausal women: Results from the Women's Health Initiative.International journal of obesity (2005) · 2023Article
- A pooled case-only analysis of obesity and breast cancer subtype among Black women in the southeastern United States.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2022Article
- Interface between obesity with dysfunctional metabolism and inflammation, and the triple-negative breast cancer in African American women.Exploration of targeted anti-tumor therapy · 2021Review
- Understanding breast cancer disparities-a multi-scale challenge.Annals of translational medicine · 2020Review
- Illustration of Measurement Error Models for Reducing Bias in Nutrition and Obesity Research Using 2-D Body Composition Data.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2019Article
- Racial and Ethnic Differences in Anthropometric Measures as Risk Factors for Diabetes.Diabetes care · 2019Article
- Review
- Clinically applicable optical imaging technology for body size and shape analysis: comparison of systems differing in design.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBody mass index (BMI) has been used widely among clinicians to assess obesity in their patients due to its ease and availability. However, BMI has some diagnostic limitations and other measures related to health risks; in particular, body shape may be of greater relevance to health outcomes.
objectiveThe objective of this study was to illustrate the importance of body shape assessments above and beyond BMI and its relationship to health risk among a sample of African-American and European American women.
methodsAfrican-American and European American women aged 19-78 years (n = 552) in Birmingham, Alabama, were recruited and stratified by menopausal status (ie, pre- or postmenopausal). Pictorial body shapes were derived from digital photographs, while body fat distribution defined by android-gynoid ratio (AGR) and body composition were obtained from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.
resultsImages of BMI and age-matched women illustrate variability in fat distribution. Among both menopausal status groups, more than 50% of women had a pear body shape (AGR < 1). An apple body shape was associated with higher odds of having diabetes (unadjusted odds ratio [OR]: 4.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.9-9.3), hypertension (unadjusted OR: 3.1, 95% CI: 2.0-4.7), and high cholesterol (unadjusted OR: 3.0, 95% CI: 1.8-5.1).
conclusionUse of visual cues alongside traditional methods of weight status assessment may help to facilitate weight management conversations between physicians and female patients. However, next steps should include the validation of visual assessments of body shape in women for use by physicians.
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