ArticleRheumatology (Oxford, England)2016
Increased inflammation and disease activity among current cigarette smokers with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional analysis of US veterans.
Article in Rheumatology (Oxford, England), 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- A systematic review with meta-analysis of the effects of smoking cessation strategies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.PloS one · 2022Pooled it
- 2021 EULAR recommendations for the implementation of self-management strategies in patients with inflammatory arthritis.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2021Guideline
- Smoking cessation intervention for reducing disease activity in chronic autoimmune inflammatory joint diseases.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Trial
- Pathogenic Drivers of Difficult-to-Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis: Synovium and Beyond.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Susceptibility to systemic autoimmunity rather than the presence of the HLA-DR4 peptide binding domain alone leads to severe inflammatory arthritis following inhalation of crystalline silica.Particle and fibre toxicology · 2026Article
- Cigarette Smoking: A Modifiable Environmental Factor in the Pathogenesis of Rheumatoid Arthritis.JMA journal · 2025Review
- Association between rheumatoid arthritis and interstitial lung disease and impact of serologic status: a large-scale longitudinal study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Veterans Affairs Rheumatoid Arthritis Registry: A unique population in rheumatoid arthritis research.Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism · 2025Review
- Exploring Anticitrullinated Antibodies (ACPAs) and Serum-Derived Exosomes Cargoes.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Relationship Between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Periodontal Disease-Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- Rheumatoid Arthritis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease (RA-ILD): Update on Prevalence, Risk Factors, Pathogenesis, and Therapy.Current rheumatology reports · 2024Review
- Implementing a Staff-Led Smoking Cessation Intervention in a Diverse Safety-Net Rheumatology Clinic: A Pre-Post Scalability Study in a Low-Resource Setting.Arthritis care & research · 2024Article
- Exposure to air pollutants and rheumatoid arthritis biomarkers: A scoping review.Seminars in arthritis and rheumatism · 2024Article
- Towards Personalized Medicine in Rheumatoid Arthritis.Open access rheumatology : research and reviews · 2024Review
- Advancement in nanotechnology for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: scope and potential applications.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2023Review
- Smoking cessation patterns, usefulness of quitting methods, and tobacco cessation motivators and barriers to quit in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.Clinical rheumatology · 2023Article
- Pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and its treatment with anti-inflammatory natural products.Molecular biology reports · 2023Review
- Newly developed cardiovascular risk factors in rheumatoid arthritis patients initiating biologic treatment.Reumatologia · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesCigarette smoking is a major risk factor for RA and has been associated with increased disease severity and lower rates of disease remission. We hypothesized that inflammation and disease activity would be associated with smoking status and this would be related to levels of ACPA.
methodsRA patients from the Veterans Affairs RA registry were studied (n = 1466): 76.9% anti-CCP2 positive, 89% male, median age 63 years (interquartile range 57-72), median disease duration 8.45 years (interquartile range 2.8-18). Baseline serum samples were evaluated for levels of anti-CCP2, RF, 19 distinct ACPAs and 17 cytokines. Smoking status at baseline was recorded as current, former or never. The association of smoking status with cytokines, autoantibodies and disease activity (DAS28) was evaluated.
resultsAmong anti-CCP-positive RA patients, RA-associated cytokines (false-discovery rates q < 0.1%) and DAS28 (P < 0.01) were higher in current smokers compared with former or never smokers. DAS28 and cytokine levels were similar between former and never smokers. In contrast, ACPA concentrations were higher among both current and former smokers compared with never smokers, and levels of ACPA were not associated with DAS28 or cytokine levels.
conclusionAmong anti-CCP2-positive RA patients, current smoking status is associated with elevations in pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased RA disease activity. Similar levels of inflammation and disease activity among former and never smokers suggests that the detrimental effects of smoking could be ameliorated through tobacco cessation. The effect of tobacco cessation on RA disease activity should be evaluated prospectively.
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