ArticleScientific reports2016
Glutamate neurons are intermixed with midbrain dopamine neurons in nonhuman primates and humans.
Article in Scientific reports, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers.
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Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- Aging-related vulnerability in dopamine-glutamate neurons weakens entorhinal dopamine signaling and underlies novelty discrimination deficits.Research square · 2026Article
- Review
- Evidence for age-related vulnerability in dopamine-glutamate projections to the lateral entorhinal cortex.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Hamsters with long COVID present distinct transcriptomic profiles associated with neurodegenerative processes in brainstem.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Salience Signaling and Stimulus Scaling of Ventral Tegmental Area Glutamate Neuron Subtypes.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025Article
- Translating stress systems: corticotropin releasing factor, its receptors, and the dopamine system in nonhuman primate models.Genomic psychiatry : advancing science from genes to society · 2025Article
- Untangling dopamine and glutamate in the ventral tegmental area.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Dopaminergic Perturbation in the Aetiology of Neurodevelopmental Disorders.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Review
- Dopamine-Glutamate and Dopamine-GABA Co-release.Advances in neurobiology · 2025Review
- Molecular diversity and migration of GABAergic neurons in the developing ventral midbrain.iScience · 2024Article
- VTA glutamatergic projections to the nucleus accumbens suppress psychostimulant-seeking behavior.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Olfactory Projections to Locomotor Control Centers in the Sea Lamprey.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Article
- Ventral tegmental area glutamate neurons mediate nonassociative consequences of stress.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Article
- Expression pattern of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit transcripts in neurons and astrocytes in the ventral tegmental area and locus coeruleus.The European journal of neuroscience · 2024Article
- Lateral hypothalamic glutamatergic inputs to VTA glutamatergic neurons mediate prioritization of innate defensive behavior over feeding.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Corticotropin-releasing factor-dopamine interactions in male and female macaque: Beyond the classic VTA.Synapse (New York, N.Y.) · 2024Article
- Alterations in neurotransmitter co-release in Parkinson's disease.Experimental neurology · 2023Review
- Functional brain region-specific neural spheroids for modeling neurological diseases and therapeutics screening.Communications biology · 2023Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The rodent ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC) contain dopamine neurons intermixed with glutamate neurons (expressing vesicular glutamate transporter 2; VGluT2), which play roles in reward and aversion. However, identifying the neuronal compositions of the VTA and SNC in higher mammals has remained challenging. Here, we revealed VGluT2 neurons within the VTA and SNC of nonhuman primates and humans by simultaneous detection of VGluT2 mRNA and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH; for identification of dopamine neurons). We found that several VTA subdivisions share similar cellular compositions in nonhuman primates and humans; their rostral linear nuclei have a high prevalence of VGluT2 neurons lacking TH; their paranigral and parabrachial pigmented nuclei have mostly TH neurons, and their parabrachial pigmented nuclei have dual VGluT2-TH neurons. Within nonhuman primates and humans SNC, the vast majority of neurons are TH neurons but VGluT2 neurons were detected in the pars lateralis subdivision. The demonstration that midbrain dopamine neurons are intermixed with glutamate or glutamate-dopamine neurons from rodents to humans offers new opportunities for translational studies towards analyzing the roles that each of these neurons play in human behavior and in midbrain-associated illnesses such as addiction, depression, schizophrenia, and Parkinson's disease.
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