ArticleInternational archives of occupational and environmental health2016
Long-term physical workload in middle age and disability pension in men and women: a follow-up study of Swedish cohorts.
Article in International archives of occupational and environmental health, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Change in physical workload and the risk of work disability due to musculoskeletal disorders: a register-based study of 1 703 935 workers in Sweden.Occupational and environmental medicine · 2026Article
- Are changes in perceived physical workload and strenuousness of work among partial disability pensioners associated with full disability pension?Scandinavian journal of public health · 2026Article
- Job exposures, employer characteristics, and risk of reduced work capacity: a 10-year cohort study of Norwegian workers.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2026Article
- What Are the Determinants of the Sex/Gender Difference in Duration of Work Absence for Musculoskeletal Disorders? A Mixed-Studies Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Job control and working life expectancy in Sweden.Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health · 2025Article
- The impact of cardiorespiratory fitness and physical workload on disability pension-a cohort study of Swedish men.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2024Article
- Combined exposure to heavy physical workload and low job control and the risk of disability pension: A cohort study of employed men and women in Sweden.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2023Article
- Does a change to an occupation with a lower physical workload reduce the risk of disability pension? A cohort study of employed men and women in Sweden.Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health · 2022Article
- Classification of body postures using smart workwear.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2022Article
- Clustering of disability pension and socioeconomic disadvantage in Sweden: a geospatial analysis.European journal of public health · 2022Article
- Long-term sick leave for back pain, exposure to physical workload and psychosocial factors at work, and risk of disability and early-age retirement among aged Swedish workers.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2022Article
- Associations of sickness absence and disability pension due to mental and somatic diagnoses when aged 60-64 with paid work after the standard retirement age; a prospective population-based cohort study in Sweden.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Predictors of working days lost due to sickness absence and disability pension.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2021Article
- An Evaluation of Motion Trackers with Virtual Reality Sensor Technology in Comparison to a Marker-Based Motion Capture System Based on Joint Angles for Ergonomic Risk Assessment.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Cumulated and most recent job control and risk of disability pension in the Danish Work Life Course Cohort (DaWCo).European journal of public health · 2020Article
- The Level and Development of Unemployment before Disability Retirement: A Retrospective Study of Finnish Disability Retirees and Their Controls.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Psychosocial working conditions and depressive disorder: disentangling effects of job control from socioeconomic status using a life-course approach.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2020Article
- Physical and psychosocial work exposures as risk factors for disability retirement due to a shoulder lesion.Occupational and environmental medicine · 2019Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThe study investigates the association between level of long-term physical workload in middle age and disability pension (DP) before 61 years of age with adjustments made for early life factors, level of education, and psychosocial working conditions. Associations with DP overall, DP due to musculoskeletal disorders and DP due to psychiatric disorders were examined.
methodsThe study is based on cohorts of 21,809 Swedish men and women born in 1948 and 1953, with data on physical workload estimated with a job exposure matrix based on occupational titles in 1985 and 1990 and follow-up data on diagnosis-specific DP in the years 1991-2009. Data on paternal education and intelligence were collected in primary school. Data on level of education were taken from administrative records. Data on psychosocial working conditions were estimated with a job exposure matrix based on occupational titles in 1990.
resultsLong-term exposure to high physical workload measured 5 years apart at around age 40 was strongly associated with DP due to musculoskeletal disorders up to the age of 61 among both men (HR 5.44, 95 % CI 3.35-8.84) and women (HR 3.82, CI 95 % 2.88-5.08). For women, the association between high physical load and overall DP was also significantly increased (HR 2.33, CI 95 % 1.92-2.82). The increased risks remained but were clearly attenuated after adjustments for fathers' education, IQ in childhood, achieved education and level of control at work.
conclusionsExposure to high physical workload is associated with long-term risk of DP due to musculoskeletal disorders, even though adjustments for early life factors, level of education and psychosocial working conditions clearly attenuated the risks.
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