ArticleThe American journal of sports medicine2016
Multiple Past Concussions in High School Football Players: Are There Differences in Cognitive Functioning and Symptom Reporting?
Article in The American journal of sports medicine, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 92 citations in OpenAlex.
- Predictors of clinical recovery from concussion: a systematic review.British journal of sports medicine · 2017Pooled it
- Examining Associations Between Intimate Partner Violence-Related Brain Injury, Psychological Abuse, and Cognitive Functioning in Community Women.Journal of family violence · 2026Article
- The Association Between Age of First Exposure to American Football at a Young Age and Later-Life Health Issues in Healthy, Community-Dwelling Adults.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Factors Associated with Persisting Post-Concussion Symptoms Among Collegiate Athletes and Military Cadets: Findings from the NCAA-DoD CARE Consortium.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Article
- Age-Related Variations in Clinical Profiles for Children with Sports- and Recreation-Related Concussions.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The role of concussion history and biological sex on baseline concussion clinical profile symptoms in adolescent rugby players.Irish journal of medical science · 2024Article
- Frequency of low ImPACT scores among adolescent and young adult student-athletes with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and/or learning disorder.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Risk of Concussion: Findings from the National Collegiate Athletic Association Department of Defense Grand Alliance Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education (NCAA-DOD CARE) Consortium (2014-2017).Journal of neurotrauma · 2022Article
- Concussion-Reporting Behavior in Rugby: A National Survey of Rugby Union Players in the United States.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2021Article
- A Normative Reference vs. Baseline Testing Compromise for ImPACT: The CARE Consortium Multiple Variable Prediction (CARE-MVP) Norms.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2020Article
- Acute Sport Concussion Assessment Optimization: A Prospective Assessment from the CARE Consortium.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2019Article
- Research on the changes in balance motion behavior and learning, as well as memory abilities of rats with multiple cerebral concussion-induced chronic traumatic encephalopathy and the underlying mechanism.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2018Article
- Injury Recurrence Among High School Athletes in the United States: A Decade of Patterns and Trends, 2005-2006 Through 2015-2016.Orthopaedic journal of sports medicine · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere is increasing concern about the possible long-term effects of multiple concussions, particularly on the developing adolescent brain. Whether the effect of multiple concussions is detectable in high school football players has not been well studied, although the public health implications are great in this population. PURPOSE: To determine if there are measureable differences in cognitive functioning or symptom reporting in high school football players with a history of multiple concussions. STUDY
designCross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.
methodsParticipants included 5232 male adolescent football players (mean [±SD] age, 15.5 ± 1.2 years) who completed baseline testing between 2009 and 2014. On the basis of injury history, athletes were grouped into 0 (n = 4183), 1 (n = 733), 2 (n = 216), 3 (n = 67), or ≥4 (n = 33) prior concussions. Cognitive functioning was measured by the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing (ImPACT) battery, and symptom ratings were obtained from the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale.
resultsThere were no statistically significant differences between groups (based on the number of reported concussions) regarding cognitive functioning. Athletes with ≥3 prior concussions reported more symptoms than did athletes with 0 or 1 prior injury. In multivariate analyses, concussion history was independently related to symptom reporting but less so than developmental problems (eg, attention or learning problems) or other health problems (eg, past treatment for psychiatric problems, headaches, or migraines).
conclusionIn the largest study to date, high school football players with multiple past concussions performed the same on cognitive testing as those with no prior concussions. Concussion history was one of several factors that were independently related to symptom reporting.
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