Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27473412›Full record

ArticleImmunity2016

Somatically Hypermutated Plasmodium-Specific IgM(+) Memory B Cells Are Rapid, Plastic, Early Responders upon Malaria Rechallenge.

Akshay T Krishnamurty, Christopher D Thouvenel, Silvia Portugal, Gladys J Keitany, Karen S Kim, Anthony Holder, Peter D Crompton, David J Rawlings, Marion Pepper

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Immunity, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 170 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
170citing papers in PubMed
13.4field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

170 citing papers in PubMed, 264 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
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  8. Sex Differences in Lung B Cell Responses in a Murine Model of Asthma.International archives of allergy and immunology · 2026
    Article
  9. Article
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  11. Article
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  13. Review
  14. EZH2 coordinates memory B-cell programming and recall responses.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Polarization of the memory B-cell response.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2025
    Review
  18. Article
  19. A guide to adaptive immune memory.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024
    Review
  20. Article

110 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Akshay T KrishnamurtyDepartment of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
Christopher D ThouvenelCenter for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
Silvia PortugalLaboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA.
Gladys J KeitanyDepartment of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
Karen S KimDepartment of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
Anthony HolderThe Francis Crick Institute, Mill Hill Laboratory, The Ridgeway, Mill Hill, London NW7 1AA, UK.
Peter D CromptonLaboratory of Immunogenetics, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20892, USA.
David J RawlingsDepartment of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA.
Marion PepperDepartment of Immunology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA. Electronic address: mpepper@uw.edu.
University of Washington · USNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases · USThe Francis Crick Institute · GB

Funding

Mechanisms of naturally-acquired immunity to malaria and clinical trials of anti-malaria monoclonal antibodiesZIAAI001155 · NIAID · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · PI CROMPTON, PETER · 2011 to 2025
$30.9M
TRAINING IN MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR BIOLOGYT32GM007270 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI RAIBLE, DAVID W · 1985 to 2020
$21.0M
The differentiation and function of CD4+ Th2 cells during allergen-induced asthmaR01AI108626 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI PEPPER, MARION · 2014 to 2018
$2.4M
Basic Training at the Intersection of Innate and Adaptive Immunity in DiseaseT32AI106677 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI GALE, MICHAEL, GOVERMAN, JOAN M · 2013 to 2022
$2.1M
NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI108626NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI106677NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM007270
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Humoral immunity consists of pre-existing antibodies expressed by long-lived plasma cells and rapidly reactive memory B cells (MBC). Recent studies of MBC development and function after protein immunization have uncovered significant MBC heterogeneity. To clarify functional roles for distinct MBC subsets during malaria infection, we generated tetramers that identify Plasmodium-specific MBCs in both humans and mice. Long-lived murine Plasmodium-specific MBCs consisted of three populations: somatically hypermutated immunoglobulin M(+) (IgM(+)) and IgG(+) MBC subsets and an unmutated IgD(+) MBC population. Rechallenge experiments revealed that high affinity, somatically hypermutated Plasmodium-specific IgM(+) MBCs proliferated and gave rise to antibody-secreting cells that dominated the early secondary response to parasite rechallenge. IgM(+) MBCs also gave rise to T cell-dependent IgM(+) and IgG(+)B220(+)CD138(+) plasmablasts or T cell-independent B220(-)CD138(+) IgM(+) plasma cells. Thus, even in competition with IgG(+) MBCs, IgM(+) MBCs are rapid, plastic, early responders to a secondary Plasmodium rechallenge and should be targeted by vaccine strategies.

Indexed as

AnimalsAntibody AffinityAntigens, ProtozoanB-LymphocytesB-Lymphocyte SubsetsCells, CulturedEpitopesFemaleHumansImmunity, HumoralImmunization, SecondaryImmunoglobulin MImmunologic MemoryMalariaMalaria VaccinesMiceAntigens, ProtozoanEpitopesImmunoglobulin MMalaria Vaccines

Identifiers

PMID27473412
PMCPMC5118370
OpenAlexW2488623126

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.