Evidence map›Paper›PMID 27473380›Full record

ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2016

Perineal injuries and birth positions among 2992 women with a low risk pregnancy who opted for a homebirth.

Malin Edqvist, Ellen Blix, Hanne K Hegaard, Olöf Ásta Ólafsdottir, Ingegerd Hildingsson, Karen Ingversen, Margareta Mollberg, Helena Lindgren

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
5.4field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Characteristics of Homebirth in Hungary: A Retrospective Cohort Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Observational
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.

Malin EdqvistInstitute of Health and Care Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Arvid Wallgrens backe hus 1, Box (PO) 457, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Ellen BlixResearch Group: Maternal, Reproductive and Children's Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway. ellen.blix@hioa.no.ORCID 0000-0001-7971-4580
Hanne K HegaardResearch Unit, Women's and Children's Health, Juliane Marie Center for Women, Children and Reproduction, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Olöf Ásta ÓlafsdottirDepartment of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland.
Ingegerd HildingssonDepartment of Nursing, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden.
Karen IngversenHomebirth Association Sealand, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Margareta MollbergInstitute of Health and Care Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Arvid Wallgrens backe hus 1, Box (PO) 457, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Helena LindgrenInstitute of Health and Care Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Arvid Wallgrens backe hus 1, Box (PO) 457, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
University of Gothenburg · SECopenhagen University Hospital · DKKarolinska Institutet · SEOsloMet – Oslo Metropolitan University · NOUniversity of Iceland · ISUppsala University · SE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWhether certain birth positions are associated with perineal injuries and severe perineal trauma (SPT) is still unclear. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of perineal injuries of different severity in a low-risk population of women who planned to give birth at home and to compare the prevalence of perineal injuries, SPT and episiotomy in different birth positions in four Nordic countries.

methodsA population-based prospective cohort study of planned home births in four Nordic countries. To assess medical outcomes a questionnaire completed after birth by the attending midwife was used. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analysis and logistic regression were used to analyze the data.

resultsTwo thousand nine hundred ninety-two women with planned home births, who birthed spontaneously at home or after transfer to hospital, between 2008 and 2013 were included. The prevalence of SPT was 0.7 % and the prevalence of episiotomy was 1.0 %. There were differences between the countries regarding all maternal characteristics. No association between flexible sacrum positions and sutured perineal injuries was found (OR 1.02; 95 % CI 0.86-1.21) or SPT (OR 0.68; CI 95 % 0.26-1.79). Flexible sacrum positions were associated with fewer episiotomies (OR 0.20; CI 95 % 0.10-0.54).

conclusionA low prevalence of SPT and episiotomy was found among women opting for a home birth in four Nordic countries. Women used a variety of birth positions and a majority gave birth in flexible sacrum positions. No associations were found between flexible sacrum positions and SPT. Flexible sacrum positions were associated with fewer episiotomies.

Indexed as

AdultEpisiotomyFemaleHome ChildbirthHumansLogistic ModelsMidwiferyObstetric Labor ComplicationsPatient PositioningPerineumPregnancyProspective StudiesRisk FactorsScandinavian and Nordic CountriesSurveys and QuestionnairesBirth positionsEpisiotomyHome birthPerineal injuriesSevere perineal traumaWaterbirth

Identifiers

PMID27473380
PMCPMC4966598
OpenAlexW2486319362

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.