ReviewCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2016
Beta-glucan contamination of pharmaceutical products: How much should we accept?
Review in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- Host cell protein impurities in therapeutic proteins: overview of advances in detection, nonconventional removal technologies and immunogenicity assessment.Journal of biological engineering · 2026Review
- Article
- Influence of Nano-Particulate Impurities and β-glucans on the Stability of Protein-Based Formulations.Current drug delivery · 2025Review
- Effects of Different Container Types on (1→3)-β-D-glucan Recovery.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Immunomodulatory Effect and Biological Significance of β-Glucans.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Plasma Metabolomics Reveals β-Glucan Improves Muscle Strength and Exercise Capacity in Athletes.Metabolites · 2022Article
- Metabolism and Biodegradation of β-GlucanFrontiers in veterinary science · 2022Article
- Immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of Phellinus linteus mycelium.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2021Article
- Introduction and clearance of beta-glucan in the downstream processing of monoclonal antibodies.Biotechnology progress · 2021Article
- Role of Surface Chemistry in the In Vitro Lung Response to Nanofibrillated Cellulose.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Article
- Antitumor, Immunomodulatory and Antiangiogenic Efficacy of Medicinal Mushroom Extract Mixtures in Advanced Colorectal Cancer Animal Model.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- IgE Antibodies against Cancer: Efficacy and Safety.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Detection of Beta-Glucan Contamination in Nanotechnology-Based Formulations.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Biocompatibility study of different hyaluronan products for intra-articular treatment of knee osteoarthritis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2019Article
- PharmActa: Empowering Patients to Avoid Clinical Significant Drug⁻Herb Interactions.Medicines (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Article
- Lentinan Inhibits Tumor Progression by Immunomodulation in a Mouse Model of Bladder Cancer.Integrative cancer therapiesArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Beta-glucans are large polysaccharides produced by a range of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. They have potential immunostimulatory properties and have been used with therapeutic intent as anti-microbial and anti-tumour agents. A range of other potentially beneficial effects have been described, and oral forms of beta-glucans are widely available over-the-counter and online. Parenteral formulations are popular in parts of Asia and are the subject of ongoing trials, worldwide. Beta-glucans are also potential contaminants of pharmaceutical products, and high levels have been described in some blood products. However, little is known about the clinical effects of such contamination, considerable uncertainty exists over the level at which immunostimulation may occur, and there are no guidelines available on acceptable levels. We encountered beta-glucan contamination of one of our products, and we suspect that others may encounter similar issues since the origin of beta-glucan contamination includes commonly used filters and solutions applied in the manufacture of biotherapeutic agents. It is likely that regulators will increasingly enquire about beta-glucan levels in pharmaceutical products, especially those with an immunomodulatory mechanism of action. Here, we review the literature on beta-glucans in pharmaceutical products and propose an acceptable level for therapeutic agents for parenteral use.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.