ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2016
Menopause, Reproductive Life, Hormone Replacement Therapy, and Bone Phenotype at Age 60-64 Years: A British Birth Cohort.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The management of menopause in women with a history of endometriosis: a systematic review.Human reproduction update · 2017Pooled it
- Physical Activity Across Adulthood and Bone Health in Later Life: The 1946 British Birth Cohort.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2019Trial
- Genome-wide insights of shared genetic architecture between menstrual traits and bone mineral density.Endocrine connections · 2025Article
- Mendelian randomization study reveals the causal effect of sex hormone binding globulin on osteoporosis.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Article
- Associations of Markers of Inflammatory Status and Adiposity with Bone Phenotype at Age 60-64 Years: Findings from the MRC National Survey of Health and Development.Calcified tissue international · 2025Article
- Trabecular bone deficits predominate in the appendicular skeleton of midlife women living with HIV: findings from a cross-sectional study in Zimbabwe.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2025Article
- Estrogen signaling via estrogen receptor alpha and its implications for neurodegeneration associated with Alzheimer's disease in aging women.Metabolic brain disease · 2023Review
- Associations of Age at Menopause With Postmenopausal Bone Mineral Density and Fracture Risk in Women.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2022Article
- Ultraviolet radiation and age at natural menopause in a nationwide, prospective US cohort.Environmental research · 2022Article
- Menopausal status, age and management among women living with HIV in the UK.HIV medicine · 2021Article
- Long-term exposure to particulate matter and roadway proximity with age at natural menopause in the Nurses' Health Study II Cohort.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2021Article
- Age-, Site-, and Sex-Specific Normative Centile Curves for HR-pQCT-Derived Microarchitectural and Bone Strength Parameters in a Chinese Mainland Population.Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research · 2020Article
- Review
- Age at natural menopause and physical functioning in postmenopausal women: the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2019Article
- Vascular risk factors for male and female urgency urinary incontinence at age 68 years from a British birth cohort study.BJU international · 2018Article
- Associations of Childhood and Adulthood Cognition with Bone Mineral Density in Later Adulthood: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2017Article
- From paediatrics to geriatrics: a life course perspective on the MRC National Survey of Health and Development.European journal of epidemiology · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
contextPrevious studies of menopausal age and length of reproductive life on bone are limited by retrospective reproductive histories, being cross-sectional, or lacking gold standard bone technologies or information on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or surgical treatment.
objectiveThe objective of the study was to investigate age at menopause, length of reproductive life, and HRT use in relation to volumetric and areal bone mineral density (vBMD, aBMD), bone size, and strength in women aged 60-64 years.
designThis was a birth cohort study that followed up for 64 years with prospective measures of age at menarche and menopause and monthly HRT histories.
settingThe study was conducted in England, Scotland, and Wales.
participantsParticipants included 848 women with a known type of menopause and bone measures at 60-64 years.
main outcome measuresPeripheral quantitative computed tomography measurements of the distal radius total and trabecular vBMD were measured. Diaphyseal radius total and medullary cross-sectional area, cortical vBMD, and polar strength strain index (SSI); dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry measurements of aBMD at the lumbar spine and total hip were also measured.
resultsA 10-year increase in age at natural (but not surgical) menopause was associated with 8.2% (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3%-15.1%, P = .02) greater trabecular vBMD and a 6.0% (95% CI 0.51%-11.5%, P = .03) greater total vBMD; findings were similar for length of reproductive life. A 10-year difference in HRT use was associated with a 6.0% (95% CI 2.6%-9.3%, P < .001) greater polar SSI and a 0.9% (95% CI 0.4%-1.5%, P = .001) greater cortical vBMD. These estimates changed little on adjustment. Estimates for aBMD were consistent with those for peripheral quantitative computed tomography.
conclusionsThe positive effects on trabecular vBMD of later natural menopause and longer reproductive life persisted into early old age. HRT use was associated with greater radius cortical vBMD and polar SSI and aBMD.
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