ArticleFrontiers in immunology2016
Porcine CD3(+)NKp46(+) Lymphocytes Have NK-Cell Characteristics and Are Present in Increased Frequencies in the Lungs of Influenza-Infected Animals.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early classical swine fever virus persistence is associated with cytotoxic and immunoregulatory transcriptional signatures distinct from protective C-strain vaccination.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Investigating the functional capacity of porcine uterine natural killer cells during a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus infection of pregnant gilts.Veterinary research · 2025Article
- Single-cell analysis of pig lung leukocytes and their response to influenza infection and oseltamivir therapy.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2025Article
- A Comprehensive Review on Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus with Emphasis on Immunity.Vaccines · 2024Review
- Porcine γδ T cells express cytotoxic cell-associated markers and display killing activity but are not selectively cytotoxic against PRRSV- or swIAV-infected macrophages.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- From Snoot to Tail: A Brief Review of Influenza Virus Infection and Immunity in Pigs.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Review
- Comparative transcriptomics of porcine liver-resident CD8αFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Intraepithelial lymphocytes in the pig intestine: T cell and innate lymphoid cell contributions to intestinal barrier immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- The Natural Cytotoxicity Receptor NKp44 (NCR2, CD336) Is Expressed on the Majority of Porcine NK CellsFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Porcine Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Are Unique in Their Expression of a Functional NKp46 Receptor.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Co-Expression of the B-Cell Key Transcription Factors Blimp-1 and IRF4 Identifies Plasma Cells in the Pig.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Maternal Supplementation of Food Ingredient (Prebiotic) or Food Contaminant (Mycotoxin) Influences Mucosal Immune System in Piglets.Nutrients · 2020Article
- Evaluation of local and systemic immune responses in pigs experimentally challenged with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus.Veterinary research · 2020Article
- The pig as a model for immunology research.Cell and tissue research · 2020Review
- NK and T Cell Differentiation at the Maternal-Fetal Interface in Sows During Late Gestation.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Deoxynivalenol Affects Proliferation and Expression of Activation-Related Molecules in Major Porcine T-Cell Subsets.Toxins · 2019Article
- Diet supplemented with phytochemical epigallocatechin gallate and probiotic Lactobacillus fermentum confers second generation synbiotic effects by modulating cellular immune responses and antioxidant capacity in aging mice.European journal of nutrition · 2019Article
- Cellular Innate Immunity against PRRSV and Swine Influenza Viruses.Veterinary sciences · 2019Review
- Comparison of Phenotypic and Functional Characteristics Between Canine Non-B, Non-T Natural Killer Lymphocytes and CD3Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- CD335 (NKp46)Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The CD3(-)NKp46(+) phenotype is frequently used for the identification of natural killer (NK) cells in various mammalian species. Recently, NKp46 expression was analyzed in more detail in swine. It could be shown that besides CD3(-)NKp46(+) lymphocytes, a small but distinct population of CD3(+)NKp46(+) cells exists. In this study, we report low frequencies of CD3(+)NKp46(+) lymphocytes in blood, lymph nodes, and spleen, but increased frequencies in non-lymphatic organs, like liver and lung. Phenotypic analyses showed that the majority of CD3(+)NKp46(+) cells coexpressed the CD8αβ heterodimer, while a minor subset expressed the TCR-γδ, which was associated with a CD8αα(+) phenotype. Despite these T-cell associated receptors, the majority of CD3(+)NKp46(+) lymphocytes displayed a NK-related phenotype (CD2(+)CD5(-)CD6(-)CD16(+)perforin(+)) and expressed mRNA of NKp30, NKp44, and NKG2D at similar levels as NK cells. Functional tests showed that CD3(+)NKp46(+) lymphocytes produced IFN-γ and proliferated upon cytokine stimulation to a similar extent as NK cells, but did not respond to the T-cell mitogen, ConA. Likewise, CD3(+)NKp46(+) cells killed K562 cells with an efficiency comparable to NK cells. Cross-linking of NKp46 and CD3 led to degranulation of CD3(+)NKp46(+) cells, indicating functional signaling pathways for both receptors. Additionally, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09-infected pigs had reduced frequencies of CD3(+)NKp46(+) lymphocytes in blood, but increased frequencies in the lung in the early phase of infection. Thus, CD3(+)NKp46(+) cells appear to be involved in the early phase of influenza infections. In summary, we describe a lymphocyte population in swine with a mixed phenotype of NK and T cells, with results so far indicating that this cell population functionally resembles NK cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.